• what is science?4 features of the scientific method - ANSWER-1) EMPIRICAL - based on data
2) DETERMINISTIC - obeys physical laws
3) PREDICTIVE - if you this....then that will happen
4) PARSIMONIOUS - use the simplest explanation poss.
• SLPs' use of technology [why do we use it clinical...
ComD 5070 Exam 1 Study
Guide modules 1-5 Questions
& Answers(RATED A+)
• what is science?4 features of the scientific method - ANSWER-1) EMPIRICAL - based on data
2) DETERMINISTIC - obeys physical laws
3) PREDICTIVE - if you this....then that will happen
4) PARSIMONIOUS - use the simplest explanation poss.
• SLPs' use of technology [why do we use it clinically? how can acoustics help?] - ANSWER--
OVERCOME LISTENER BIAS. Consistent, reliable measurement is provided by analysis.
- Use OBJECTIVE TERMS AND MEASURES TO DESCRIBE THE SEVERITY of a disorder objectively. We
can standardize our measurements of speech since we have objective criteria to measure each
patient against.
- TRACK PROGRESS over time, and DEMONSTRATE TREATMENT EFFICIENCY.
- EBP (Evidence Based Practice). We measure the client's performance before and after therapy in
order to objectively prove that the treatment was effective.
- PROVIDE BIOFEEDBACK to the client. Show the person what they are doing on a computer display in
real time, and can help them change behavior.
How can acoustics help in the SLPs use of technology? - ANSWER-1) ACOUSTIC PHONETICS-
measuring of speech production through MICROPHONE RECORDINGS and studying what it can tell us
about the way the larynx is operating or the articulators are moving.
2) PHYSIOLOGOCAL PHONETICS -
• KINEMATICS - study of SPEECH MOVEMENTS
• AERODYNAMICS - PRESSURE, FLOW and RESISTANCE we use to regulate our breath stream as we
speak.
• ELECTROMYOGRAPHY - the ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES as they are activated
3) SPEECH PERCEPTION - the aspects of signal processing of the brain. We will DRAW PARALELLS
FROM the PERCEPTUAL ASPECTS of speech understanding and the ACOUSTICAL TECHNIQUES that we
use to evaluate a speech signal in a quantitative way.
,How is pitch perception linked to frequency? - ANSWER-1. We interpret higher frequency sounds to
have a higher pitch
FREQUENCY - OBJECTIVE
PITCH - SUBJECTIVE cannot be measured
Define loudness? What is it affected by? - ANSWER-Loudness is a PERCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTIC of
sound
- CanNOT BE MEASURED by equipment
- JUDGED BY LISTENER; it's a human response
- DURATION AFFECTS PERCEPTION of loudness
1. The LONGER the sound, the more the ear integrates the energy and the MORE AUDIBLE it
becomes
- Individual responses vary slightly regarding loudness because it is SUBJECTIVE
1. There is no way to objectively measure loudness of sound
What is intensity? - ANSWER-The GREATER the intensity, the LOUDER we perceive it to be
a. Intensity is an ACOUSTIC measure
How is intensity measured? - ANSWER-- Its the amplitude or 'size' of a sound
- Measured in dB
- LOGARITHMIC scale
- Intensity Level (IL)
- Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
What do SLPs and audiologists use to measure intensity? - ANSWER-A sound level meter
How many dBs of intensity does it take to be perceived as twice as loud? - ANSWER-6-10 dB
INCREASE in intensity will be PERCIEVED as TWICE AS LOUD (doubling of loudness)
What affects the perception of loudness? - ANSWER-- DURATION affects perception of loudness
, a. The LONGER the sound, the more the ear integrates the energy and the MORE AUDILBE it
becomes
- Individual responses vary slightly regarding loudness because it is subjective
a. There is no way to objectively measure sound
What are the difference limens for frequency and intensity? - ANSWER-SMALLEST DETECTABLE
CHANGE in frequency a person can perceive.
What is frequency? - ANSWER-1. It is determined by HOW FREQUENTLY a WAVEFORM REPEATS
ITSELF OVERT TIME
2. Measured in HERTZ (Hz) = cycles per second (CPS)
a. Acoustic Measures
How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up and down? - ANSWER-The HGHER FREQUENCY the
frequency, the MORE COMPLETE CYCLES per second
a) The waveforms are CLOSER together
How are difference limens influenced by intensity, duration, etc.? - ANSWER-DLs INCREASE with
stimulus FREQUENCY
- As INTENSITY DECREASES, DLs become LARGER
- HIGHER FREQUENCY sounds MUST DIFFER MORE to be heard as different in pitch
• true for comfortable listening level
- Measured at a comfortable level and reduce amplitude of sound played; difference limens become
GREATER WITH SOFTER SOUNDS.
-
T/F. When sounds are very soft it is harder to tell them apart in their pitch if close in frequency. -
ANSWER-TRUE
Another term for the missing fundamental is? - ANSWER-RESIDUE PITCH
T/F A fundamental must always be present within a recorded sound? - ANSWER-FALSE
- When FUNDAMENTAL IS ABSCENT from a harmonic series, THE BRAIN STILL PROCESSES the
harmonic structure and FILLS IN THE GAP.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller papersbyjol. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
