elementary statistics 3rd edition by william navid
elementary statistics 3rd edition
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Elementary Statistics 3rd Edition By William Navid
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Test Bank For Elementary Statistics 3rd Edition By William
Navidi 9781259969454 Chapter 1-15 Complete Guide .
What is statistics? - ANSWER: The process of collecting information to allow for scientific and social
advances.
The collecting and summarization of answering questions regarding a scientific or social study
The field of science developed to aide individuals in summarizing information and presenting that
information in an informative way.
The process of setting up and analyzing experiments to understand the fundamental characteristics of
a design or the influence of variables on an outcome.
The two types of statistics? - ANSWER: Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
What does Descriptive statistics do? - ANSWER: Describes, show or summarizes data in a meaningful
way.
Name some typical Descriptive statistics? - ANSWER: Numerical summaries
graphical representations
Name some common types Descriptive statistics? - ANSWER: mean
mode
median
range
How is Inferential statistics used? - ANSWER: Used to make inferences about a population from a
sample.
Used to make judgement of the probability that an observed outcome is likely or unlikely to occur.
Used to make predictions about future outcomes.
What are the types of data? - ANSWER: Qualitative and Quantitative data
What are the two types of Quantitative data? - ANSWER: Discrete and continuouose
Describe the types of Qualitative data? - ANSWER: Deal with description.
Data can be observed but not measured.
Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.
Describe the types of Quantitative data? - ANSWER: Deals with numbers.
Data which can be measured.
Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound level, cost,
memebers, ages, etc.
Describe Discrete data? - ANSWER: Counted
Can only be particular values (integers).
, There may potentially be an infinite number of those values, but each is distinct and there's no grey
area in between.
Can be numeric; number of apples, number of sports cars, but it can also be categorical -- like red or
blue, or male or female, or good or bad -- like apples and oranges or oranges and apples but not
continuous.
Describe Continuous data? - ANSWER: Measured
Data not restricted to defined separate values, but can be occupy any value over a continuous range.
Between any two continuous data values there may be an infinite number of others.
Numeric
Quantitative (height, weight, length).
Name the types of statistical studies? - ANSWER: Observation and experiment
Describe observational studies? - ANSWER: The researcher merely observes what is happening or
what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based on these observations.
Name some types of observational studies? - ANSWER: Exit polls
Survey's
Comparing game scores between two teams.
Describe an experiment? - ANSWER: The researcher controls or manipulates one of the variables and
tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables.
Name some types of experimental studies? - ANSWER: Testing a specific drug on a patient outcome.
Testing different fertilizers on one type of crop.
Name the types of Variables in statistics? - ANSWER: Independent variables
Dependent variables
Confounding variables
Describe independent variables? - ANSWER: A variable being manipulated/controlled by the
researcher.
A variable that is believed to affect the research outcome.
Explanatory variable: The variable that is explaining the response or dependent variabl
Explanatory variable - ANSWER: The variable that is explaining the response or dependent variabl
Describe dependent variable? - ANSWER: Outcome variable or measured results.
Describe a confounding variable? - ANSWER: A variable that influences the outcome or dependent
variable.
It cannot be separated from the independent variable.
Name the types of confounding variables? - ANSWER: Age and height
Disease and location
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