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DHN Exam 3 with correct solutions 2024
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Characteristics of Vitamins correct answers -essential nutrients -small amounts -non caloric -classified based on solubility Fat-soluble vitamins correct answers -require fat (& bile) for absorption -concentrated + stored in tissues -often occur with fat in food Water-soluble vitamins ...

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  • August 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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DHN Exam 3

Characteristics of Vitamins correct answers -essential nutrients
-small amounts
-non caloric
-classified based on solubility

Fat-soluble vitamins correct answers -require fat (& bile) for absorption
-concentrated + stored in tissues
-often occur with fat in food

Water-soluble vitamins correct answers -body absorbs & excretes easily
-serve as coenzymes in ENERGY metabolism

Vitamins importance for health? correct answers -bone health
-energy metabolism
-blood clotting
-growth & development
-Immune function
-antioxidant defense
-Amino Acid metabolism
-RBC formation

What are free radicals? correct answers substance with unpaired electrons

How do antioxidants work? correct answers protect cells by giving up electrons to free
radicals

Which nutrients act as antioxidants? correct answers A,C,E

vitamin bioavailability correct answers amount of a vitamin that is actually available for
use by the body

Factors that influence bioavailability correct answers -GI transit time
-health conditions affecting fat absorption
-source of vitamin

Food preparation techniques correct answers can decrease amount of vitamin in the
food
-Sauteing
-microwaving (good/expensive)
-steaming
-boiling (low water & not for long)

, Fat-soluble vitamins include... correct answers A, D, E, K

Main form of vitamin A correct answers retinoids
-beta-carotene (yellow-orange pigment)

Function of vitamin A correct answers ALL cells in body need to develop + function
properly
-vision
-reproduction
-cellular growth
-immune system

Food sources of vitamin A correct answers animal products (retinyl esters)
-eggs, fish, milk, LIVER
(beta-carotene)
-yellow/orange veggies, green leafy veggies

Deficiency of vitamin A correct answers night vision, dry eye (Xerophthalmia), poor
growth, frequent infections

Toxicity of vitamin A correct answers liver damage, carotenemia (skin yellowing/white
eyes)

Main forms of vitamin D correct answers Calciferol
-Ergocalciferol (D2 in plants)
-Cholecalciferol (D3 in animals)

Absorption of vitamin D correct answers skin (7-dehydrocholesterol)->D3->Liver
(Calcidiol/5x)-> Kidneys (Calcitriol/10x)

Functions of vitamin D correct answers bone health, immune system, reduce risk of
chronic disease

Deficiency of vitamin D correct answers Bone abnormalities
-Rickets (kids)
-Osteomalacia (adults)

Toxicity of vitamin D correct answers Ca+ in soft tissues, poor growth

Forms of vitamin E correct answers 8 forms
-Alpha-tocopherol (supplements & MORE biologically acive)
-Gamma-tocopherol (food)

Function of vitamin E correct answers antioxidant

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