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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!
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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!
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Penn Foster A&P II Proctor ExamQuestions With Complete Solutions!!
Describe ‘.the ‘.structure ‘.and ‘.function ‘.of ‘.each ‘.mature ‘.blood ‘.cell ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.-RBC:
-lacks ‘.a ‘.nucleus, ‘.mitochondria, ‘.and ‘.ribosomes
-contains ‘.water, ‘.hemoglobin, ‘.and ‘.other ‘.structural ‘.elements
-biconcave ‘.disk
-transport ‘.oxygen ‘.to ‘.tissues
-transport ‘.carbon ‘.dioxide ‘.to ‘.lungs
-maintain ‘.cell ‘.shape ‘.and ‘.deformability
WBC:
-larger ‘.than ‘.RBC
5 ‘.types:
-granulocytes ‘.
basophils, ‘.neutrophils, ‘.eosinophils
-agranulocytes
lymphocytes ‘.and ‘.monocytes
-provide ‘.defense ‘.for ‘.body ‘.against ‘.foreign ‘.invaders
-phagocytosis
-immunity
,Describe ‘.the ‘.structure ‘.of ‘.a ‘.hemoglobin ‘.molecule ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--heme ‘.is ‘.the
‘.pigmented ‘.portion ‘.of ‘.hemoglobin
-each ‘.heme ‘.unit ‘.contains ‘.an ‘.iron ‘.atom ‘.to ‘.which ‘.one ‘.O2 ‘.molecule ‘.can ‘.attach ‘.(can ‘.carry
‘.4 ‘.O2 ‘.molecules)
-hemoglobin ‘.attached ‘.to ‘.oxygen: ‘.oxyhemoglobin
-hemoglobin ‘.gives ‘.up ‘.oxygen: ‘.deoxyhemoglobin
Explain ‘.the ‘.fate ‘.of ‘.hemoglobin ‘.following ‘.extravascular ‘.hemolysis ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--
destruction ‘.of ‘.RBC ‘.outside ‘.cardiovascular ‘.system
-RBC ‘.removed ‘.from ‘.circulation ‘.by ‘.macrophages ‘.in ‘.spleen
-hemoglobin ‘.is ‘.released ‘.and ‘.degraded ‘.into ‘.AA's, ‘.iron, ‘.and ‘.heme
-AA's ‘.are ‘.returned ‘.to ‘.liver ‘.to ‘.build ‘.more ‘.proteins
-iron ‘.is ‘.transported ‘.to ‘.bone ‘.marrow ‘.to ‘.be ‘.recycled ‘.to ‘.make ‘.new ‘.RBC
-heme ‘.is ‘.further ‘.broken ‘.down ‘.into ‘.free ‘.or ‘.unconjugated ‘.bilirubin
Explain ‘.the ‘.fate ‘.of ‘.hemoglobin ‘.following ‘.intravascular ‘.hemolysis ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--
destruction ‘.takes ‘.place ‘.w/in ‘.blood ‘.vessels
-hemoglobin ‘.is ‘.released ‘.into ‘.bloodstream
-unconjugated ‘.hemoglobin ‘.is ‘.quickly ‘.picked ‘.up ‘.by ‘.haptoglobin ‘.to ‘.form ‘.haptoglobin-
hemoglobin ‘.complex
-the ‘.complex ‘.travels ‘.to ‘.macrophages ‘.in ‘.liver ‘.for ‘.further ‘.breakdown
List ‘.and ‘.describe ‘.the ‘.blood ‘.parameters ‘.of ‘.the ‘.CBC ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--packed ‘.cell
‘.volume ‘.(PCV) ‘.or ‘.hematocrit ‘.(HCT)
-automated ‘.analyzers ‘.and ‘.gross ‘.examination ‘.of ‘.a ‘.centrifuged ‘.microhematocrit ‘.tube
-volume ‘.of ‘.packed ‘.RBS ‘.measured ‘.and ‘.expressed ‘.as ‘.a ‘.percentage ‘.of ‘.total ‘.volume ‘.of
‘.blood
-3 ‘.layer
plasma
buffy ‘.layer ‘.(WBC ‘.and ‘.platelets)
RBCs
,Describe ‘.the ‘.indications ‘.and ‘.3 ‘.goals ‘.of ‘.transfusion ‘.therapy ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--rapid
‘.blood ‘.loss
-severe ‘.anemia
-coagulation ‘.factor ‘.deficiency ‘.
-lower ‘.than ‘.normal ‘.plasma ‘.protein
-thrombocytopenia
increase ‘.the ‘.oxygen-carry ‘.capacity ‘.of ‘.blood
replace ‘.coagulation ‘.factors ‘.and ‘.other ‘.proteins ‘.
replace ‘.blood ‘.volume
Describe ‘.the ‘.2 ‘.parts ‘.of ‘.the ‘.lymphatic ‘.system ‘.and ‘.the ‘.functions ‘.of ‘.each ‘.part ‘.- ‘.(correct
‘.answer) ‘.-system ‘.of ‘.ducts ‘.and ‘.fluid ‘.lymph
-system ‘.picks ‘.up ‘.fluid ‘.leaked ‘.from ‘.capillaries
-lymph ‘.ducts ‘.carry ‘.lymph ‘.to ‘.blood ‘.vessels ‘.near ‘.heart
-lymph ‘.is ‘.put ‘.back ‘.into ‘.bloodstream
system ‘.of ‘.lymphoid ‘.organs ‘.and ‘.tissues:
primary ‘.organs ‘.(thymus, ‘.bursa ‘.of ‘.Fabricius, ‘.Peyer's ‘.patches)
-fxns ‘.to ‘.regulate ‘.the ‘.lymphocyte ‘.maturation ‘.as ‘.animal ‘.develops
secondary ‘.system ‘.(spleen, ‘.lymph ‘.nodes, ‘.tonsils)
-main ‘.fxn ‘.is ‘.to ‘.trap ‘.and ‘.process ‘.antigens ‘.and ‘.mature ‘.lymphocytes ‘.that ‘.mediate ‘.immune
‘.responses
-enlarge ‘.in ‘.response ‘.to ‘.antigen ‘.stimulation
Describe ‘.the ‘.formation ‘.of ‘.lymph ‘.fluid ‘.and ‘.its ‘.circulation ‘.through ‘.the ‘.lymphatic ‘.system ‘.- ‘.
(correct ‘.answer) ‘.-starts ‘.out ‘.as ‘.excessive ‘.tissue ‘.fluid
, capillaries ‘.in ‘.tissue ‘.join ‘.to ‘.form ‘.larger ‘.vessels ‘.to ‘.propel ‘.lymph ‘.towards ‘.heart ‘.(one-way
‘.valves)
eventually ‘.joins ‘.bloodstream
Describe ‘.the ‘.composition ‘.of ‘.blood ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.--erythrocytes ‘.(RBC)
-leukocytes ‘.(WBC)
-thrombocytes ‘.(platelets)
Describe ‘.the ‘.functions ‘.of ‘.blood ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.-transport:
-oxygen, ‘.carbon ‘.dioxide, ‘.waste ‘.products, ‘.hormones, ‘.platelets
regulation:
-body ‘.temp, ‘.tissue ‘.fluid ‘.content, ‘.blood ‘.pH
defense ‘.system:
-white ‘.cells ‘.phagocytosis, ‘.platelets
Explain ‘.the ‘.difference ‘.between ‘.plasma ‘.and ‘.serum ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.-plasma:
-primarily ‘.water ‘.in ‘.which ‘.various ‘.solutes ‘.are ‘.dissolved ‘.(91%)
-7% ‘.proteins: ‘.albumin, ‘.globulins, ‘.fibrinogens
-2% ‘.ions, ‘.nutrients, ‘.waste ‘.products, ‘.gases, ‘.regulatory ‘.substances
***Whole ‘.blood ‘.- ‘.cells ‘.= ‘.plasma
serum:
plasma ‘.- ‘.coagulation ‘.factors ‘.= ‘.serum
Describe ‘.how ‘.each ‘.type ‘.of ‘.blood ‘.cell ‘.is ‘.formed ‘.- ‘.(correct ‘.answer) ‘.-Three ‘.types ‘.of ‘.blood
‘.cells ‘.found ‘.in ‘.the ‘.body ‘.are ‘.
erythrocytes ‘.(red ‘.blood ‘.cells) ‘.
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