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PN 120 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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PN 120 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Sarcopenia
A progressive & generalized skeletal muscle disorder.
Characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass & insidious functional decline.
Malnutrition
Bad nutrition.
In practice, it refers specifically to protein-calorie undernutrition.
Calories for Older Adults
Estimated calorie needs per day decrease with age, resulting from a decrease in
energy expenditure
Protein for Older Adults
Healthy older adults: 1.0-1.2g/kg of protein/day
Older adults with an acute or chronic disease: 1.2-1.5g/kg of protein/day
Those with severe illness or injury or with marked malnutrition: as much as 2.0g/kg
of protein/day
Fiber for Older Adults
The recommendation for fiber decreases for adults age 50 years & older
Vitamin D for Older Adults
Well known for its role in maintaining skeletal health
Evidence suggests that low vitamin D may be involved in age-related diseases,
such as:
Cognitive decline
,Depression
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes
Fractures
Cardiovascular disease
Calcium for Older Adults
Low bone mineral density & osteoporosis are common in the United States,
especially in older adults
Once bone loss has occurred, medications are necessary
Calcium should be obtained from food
After the age of 70, the RDA for calcium increases for men:
1200mg/day (up from 1000mg/day)
After the age of 51 in women:
1200mg/day
Vitamin B12 for Older Adults
Adults over the age of 50 are advised to meet their B12 requirement mostly from
fortified foods
Status tends to decline with age due to a decrease in gastric acidity, which impairs
the freeing of Vitamin B12 bound to protein in foods
Iron for Older Adults
Iron intake may be low in adults who do not regularly eat red meat
,Which food should be included for inclusion into a diet of a client diagnosed with a
vitamin D deficiency?
A- apples
B- green beans
C- lean chicken
D- egg yolk
D- egg yolk
The goal of healthy ageing
Not only to prolong life but, more importantly, to extend healthy active years
Physical Activity in Older Adults
Regular physical activity:
-reduces the risk of falls & fall-related injuries in older adults
-lowers risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2
diabetes, dyslipidemia, certain cancers, & dementia
-delays progression of certain chronic illnesses, hypertension, & type 2 diabetes
-encourages weight loss (particularly when combined with a lower calorie intake,
& improved weight management)
-improves cognition, quality of life, sleep, bone health, & physical function
-reduces risk of anxiety & depression
Malnutrition in Older Adults
Older adults generally perceive themselves as healthy, while many are at risk for
malnutrition
Contributing factors of malnutrition in Older Adults
, The quality & quantity of food intake
Food insecurity
Acute or chronic physical or mental health conditions
Key predictor of malnutrition in older adults:
Loss of appetite
(impaired socialization= lack of appetite)
BMI
Regardless of age
Underweight: <18.5
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese: >30
Obesity in Older Adults
Obesity exacerbates most chronic health conditions, such as osteoarthritis, frailty,
disability, & diabetes
(Osteoarthritis is typically associated with age)
Changes related to aging & their implications
Actions of Insulin & Effects of Its Insufficiency
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