Grasslands - grasses with some forbs, areas free of trees and shrubs, between 10-30 inches of rainfall,
richest and most productive grazing area, once roamed by wild animals, now plowed for agr., or used for
livestock grazing
Other kinds of rangeland - tropical savannas, tundra, desert shrublands, shrub woodlands, many
temperate forests (especially conifer forests
Worldwide totals: Rangelands - about half of the world is rangeland, 80% of the feed for domestic
livestock, about half of rangeland is actively used and half is not
Grassland driving force - seasonal dormancy, herbivores, fire, management
Why is there the East-West shift from forest to tall grass to short grass prairie - moisture gradient
Grassland composition - composed of grasses, grass-like plants, shrubs, and forbs
forbs - any flowering non-grass, non-bush, or non-tree plant
Metabolic reserve - how much is eaten, make sure there is enough energy to keep it alive
Overgrazing - regrazing that occurs before root carbohydrate reserves replenish, basal zone (metabolic
reserve) is grazed, root reserves used for regrowth are not allowed to replenish between grazing events
Vegetative stage - basal damage is common, highest quality forage
Elongation stage - highest in forage quantity
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