Meningitis
infection of the meninges
Encephalitis
Infection of the brain parenchyma
Brain abscess
Sac of fluid infected with pathogen
Myelitis
Infection of the spinal cord
Routes of CNS infection
-blood to BBB (most frequent for bacteria—influenced by inflammation...
Encephalitis - ANSWER-Infection of the brain parenchyma
Brain abscess - ANSWER-Sac of fluid infected with pathogen
Myelitis - ANSWER-Infection of the spinal cord
Routes of CNS infection - ANSWER--blood to BBB (most frequent for bacteria—
influenced by inflammation)
-direct (trauma, surgery)
-nervous system (viruses like rabies)
Defenses of CNS - ANSWER--low complement in CSF (no opsonization or lysis)
-microglia (phagocytes of theCNS)
CNS infection damage - ANSWER--inflammation
-PMNS
-vasogenic edema (fluid leakage into brain)
-impaired blood flow
-ischemia (lack of oxygen/blood to various body parts)
-cell death (permanent brain damage)
Acute CNS infections - ANSWER--rapid onset
-can be severe
-usually bacterial, some viruses
Differential diagnosis for bacterial meningitis - ANSWER-CSF Analysis
-Gram stain, presence of or elevated leukocytes, increased PMNs, decreased glucose,
elevated protein (CRP)
OR
Blood culture
Bacterial meningitis infectious agent depends on - ANSWER-Age
Bacterial meningitis in newborns/neonates - ANSWER--Group B streptococci
-E.coli K1
-Listeria monocytogenes
Bacterial meningitis in infants and children up to 24 months - ANSWER--Streptococcus
pneumoniae
-Neisseria meningitidis
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