NR 304 FINAL EXAM NEWEST UPDATE
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS |100% GUARANTEED PASS
FROM A VERIFIED SOURCE
arteries - active blood flow
veins - passive blood flow - do not have a pulse, returns to the heart via movement through the skeletal muscles
femoral pulse site - groin
popliteal pulse site - back of knee
radial pulse site - Located at the wrist on the thumb side
dorsalis pedis pulse site - top of foot
posterior tibial pulse site - on medial surface of ankle near ankle bone
,ischemia - Lack of blood supply, causes pain
necrosis - long term lack of blood supply, tissue death
axillary lymph nodes - located under the arms in the armpits
cervical lymph nodes - located along the sides of the neck
Epitrochlear lymph nodes - Epitrochlear lymph nodes- drains from the hand and forearm
inguinal lymph nodes - located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen
Children and Lymph Nodes - nodes can be enlarged with no pain/infection
Pregnancy and PV - dependent edema, varicose veins
peripheral artery disease - A form of peripheral vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an
artery, usually one leading to a leg or arm. 50% of cases are African Americans. RF: smoking, HTN, diabetes
intermittent claudication - when walking, muscle needs more O2 blood, and you have any kind of occlusion, when
walking pain is increased
Pulse Scale - 0: absent
1+: weak
2+: normal
3+: increased, full, bounding
,Allen test - determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing
return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery, determine if radial artery has been damaged, press
radial artery then see if ulnar artery perfuses to hand
venous ulcers - bleed, medial malleolus
arterial (ischemic) ulcers - does not bleed, has a necrotic black crust, lateral malleolus
neuropathic ulcer - destroys nerve endings, burning pain/numbness
Edema Scale - • 1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
• 2+ Moderate pitting, indentation, subsides rapidly
• 3+ Deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen
• 4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
Doppler ultrasound - determine location of pulse
Raynaud's disease - autoimmune, sporadic vasoconstriction then relaxation, happens in hands/toes usually
Lymphadema - enlarged lymph nodes, hard edema
Varicose veins - abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs
DVT - inflammatory process, swelling, redness, heat, pain, happens from venastasis, pooling of blood in calf
-tachycardia, low grade temp
-women on birth control who smoke are at a higher risk, and also those who are dehydrated since blood is more
viscous
-Do not perform homan's sign test (flexing foot back)
, anneurysm - can be born with or develop, serious with abdominal aorta/coronary arteries/brain
Decreased Arterial Flow - doesn't work well around gravity, blue then pallor
Decreased Venous Flow - brown, using muscles improves
What happens when valves of the veins do not work right - edema/varicose veins
arterial insufficiency - not getting enough arterial blood flow = ischemic pain, usually happens on one leg, leg
appears shiny, hairless, red/blue then pallor, limb gets cool, pain gets better when resting since the limb doesn't
need as much O2 blood flow (intermittent claudication), gravity works for it when legs are down, causes
impotence in males, can affect nails/toes
venous insufficiency - constant, achy, fullness, pain. Pain gets better by moving. When you stand/sit pain gets
worse. Gravity works against when legs are down. Usually happens on both legs, skin turns red/brown, starts
below the knee to the ankle, skin is scaly, can get slits in skin (weeping edema), there is no cure, no change in skin
temp.
pulse - rhythm, rate, symmetry, amplitude/strength
arterial occlusion - -extreme coolness
-pain
-loss of sensation
-hair loss and skin changes
-pallor
-pulselessness
arterial insufficiency - -intermittent claudation (pain brought on by exercise and relieved with rest)
