Psych/Soc Questions and Answers |
Latest Update | 2024/2025 | Already
Passed
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves learning through association between a neutral stimulus and
an unconditioned stimulus, while operan...
Psych/Soc Questions and Answers |
Latest Update | 2024/2025 | Already
Passed
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
✔✔Classical conditioning involves learning through association between a neutral stimulus and
an unconditioned stimulus, while operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and
punishments.
Describe the concept of cognitive dissonance.
✔✔Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced when holding
conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, leading individuals to seek consistency by changing their
beliefs or behaviors.
What is the focus of social learning theory?
✔✔Social learning theory focuses on how individuals learn behaviors, attitudes, and emotions
through observing and imitating others, as well as through reinforcement and punishment.
1
,Explain the concept of the bystander effect.
✔✔The bystander effect describes the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer
help to a victim when other people are present, often due to diffusion of responsibility.
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs propose about human motivation?
✔✔Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals are motivated by a progression of
needs, starting from physiological needs, moving up to safety, love and belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization.
What is the main premise of attachment theory in developmental psychology?
✔✔Attachment theory posits that early relationships with caregivers shape an individual's
emotional bonds and impact their social and emotional development throughout life.
Describe the role of schemas in cognitive development.
2
,✔✔Schemas are mental frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information;
they guide how new information is perceived and integrated into existing cognitive structures.
What is the concept of social identity theory?
✔✔Social identity theory suggests that individuals derive part of their self-concept from their
membership in social groups, which influences their attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions.
Explain the term "self-fulfilling prophecy" in the context of social psychology.
✔✔A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a belief or expectation about a person or group leads
to behaviors that cause the belief to come true.
What is the focus of the sociological concept of role conflict?
✔✔Role conflict occurs when an individual faces incompatible demands or expectations from
different roles they occupy, leading to stress and difficulty in fulfilling those roles.
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
3
, ✔✔Intrinsic motivation comes from internal rewards and personal satisfaction, while extrinsic
motivation is driven by external rewards or pressures, such as money or recognition.
Describe the concept of cognitive restructuring in therapy.
✔✔Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging negative or irrational thoughts
and replacing them with more positive and rational ones to improve emotional well-being.
What is the purpose of the Stanford prison experiment?
✔✔The Stanford prison experiment aimed to investigate the psychological effects of perceived
power by assigning participants to the roles of guards and prisoners, revealing how situational
factors can influence behavior.
Explain the concept of social loafing.
✔✔Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in a
group compared to working alone, often due to the diffusion of responsibility.
4
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