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Contemporary Clinical Immunology and Serology Final Exam questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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Contemporary Clinical Immunology and Serology Final Exam questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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Contemporary Clinical Immunology andSerology Final Exam
A phagocytic cell is a(n) - ANSmacrophage
The first cell at the site of an infection is a(n) - ANSneutrophil
A pattern recognition receptor is (are) - ANStoll-like receptor
A secondary lymphoid organ is (are) - ANSSALT
The innate immune system used - ANSPRR to recognize PAMP
The phagocytic cell that does not arrive first at the site of a chronic infection is the -
ANSmacrophage
The two different cells needed to produce a monoclonal antibody are - ANSA myeloma cell that
does not survive in the media used after fusion and a spleen cell from an immunized animal
Immunoglobulin diversity is produced in three stages. Which stage(s) is (are) accomplished after
interaction with antigen - ANSClonal deletion of self-reactive B cells and somatic mutation and
affinity maturation
If a particular IgG molecule and IgM molecule have the same affinity, which would have a higher
avidity - ANSIgM
The area which somatic mutation occurs and increased affinity of antibody develops is the -
ANSlymph node
In the original experiment which determined the structure of immunoglobulins, it was broken into
heavy and light chains using - ANSurea and mercaptoethanol
To get antibody diversity to the level that is needed, - ANSrecombination events occur, slight
changes in the junctional region during recombination can occur, and somatic mutation can
occur
The antibody molecule that has 10 binding sites but because of steric hinderance often binds
only five antigen molecules is - ANSIgM
The paratope that is seen as an antigen is called an - ANSidotype
, A spleen cell and a myeloma cell are used to produce a monoclonal antibody. How do they help
produce a monoclonal antibody - ANSThe myeloma cell and the spleen cell are fused to
become one cell, a hybridoma
Immunoglobulin diversity and T cell receptor diversity both involve random recombinational
events to create diversity - ANSAfter antigen exposure, B cells have somatic mutational events
to improve affinity, but T cells do not
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by cells that are the hybrids of - ANSspleen cells and
myeloma cells
Epitopes are the - ANSpart of the antigen that binds to the binding site of the antibody
Linear epitopes - ANSRelated to amino acid sequence of an antigen and not related to
three-dimensional structure
Conformational epitopes - ANSDepends on antigen's three-dimensional structure
Inflammatory cytokines include the following - ANSIL-1, IL-6, TNF
When a T cell produces IL-2 and upregulates itself and a nearby B cell the resultant response is
- ANSa paracrine and autocrine response that can cause T and B cell proliferation and antibody
production
When a cell releases a chemokine that brings cells to the site from a long distance, this is -
ANSan endocrine response
Two cytokines work 10-fold better used together than when either one is used separately, this is
- ANSa synergistic effect
Negative selection in the thymus occurs - ANSwhen the T cells maturing in the thymus
recognize self-antigens
Positive selection occurs when - ANScells become positive for either CD4 or CD8 by
recognizing either the MHC class I or class II molecule
MHC restriction is - ANSthe ability of a host to react with a particular antigen only when
components of that antigen, after processing, are presented to T cells in combination with that
individuals MHC
Susie has an acute infection - strep throat - and her friend Zoe has a chronic illness, systemic
lupus erythematosus - ANSSusie probably has an elevated CH50 while Zoe probably has a
decreased CH50
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