CPH-CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS A
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1. Epidemiology study of the distribution (frequency, pat-
tern) and determinants (causes, risk
factors) of health related states and
events (not just diseases) in specified
populations.
2. Roles of epidemiology in public - monitor health of a pop
health: -respond to emerging public health
problems
-promote research and use of evidence
based interventions
-evaluate the effectiveness of interven-
tions
-findings provide foundations for public
health policy
-set funding priorities for research inter-
vention programs
3. which components of epidemiol- distribution
ogy describes who gets the dis-
ease, where people with the dis-
ease are located and how these
aspects of disease change over
time?
4. population a group of people with a common char-
acteristic in terms of person, place, and
time
5. crude mortality number of deaths from all causes
6. age specific mortality number of deaths from all causes in a
specific age group
7. cause specific mortality number of deaths from a specific cause
8. infant mortality number of deaths of infants less than 1
year of age
, CPH-CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS A
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9. prevalence rate number of existing cases of disease
10. incidence rate number of new cases of disease
11. disability umbrella term for impairments, activi-
ty limitations, and participation restric-
tions
12. disease frequency quantification of the disease in the pop-
ulation: how often does the disease oc-
cur
13. disease distribution analysis of disease patterns: who,
where, does it change over time
14. epidemic an increase in the number of cases of
disease in a community, above what is
expected
15. endemic a situation in a community in which
there is a consistent elevated rate of a
certain disease
16. pandemic an epidemic that is widespread across
a country, continent, or a large popu-
lace, possibly world wide (ex. aids)
17. ratio division of one number by another,
numbers dont have to be related
18. proportion numerator is subset of denominator, of-
ten expressed as a percentage
19. rate time is an intrinsic part of denominator,
term is most misused
20. prevalence number of existing cases of disease/
number in total population (at a point or
during a period of time)
, CPH-CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS A
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21. incidence number of new cases of disease that
develop in the population at risk during
a specific time period
22. cumulative incidence -number of new cases of disease/num-
ber in candidate population (people
who are at risk of getting disease) over
a specified period of time
- estimates the probability or risk that
a person will develop disease during a
specified time
- used mainly for fixed populations
23. incidence rate number of new cases of disease in the
candidate population/ person time of
observation
24. relationship between incidence -incidence decreases but people are liv-
and prevalence ing longer with the disease= increased
prevalence
- the incidence increases but the dura-
tion is short= decreased prevalence
- the incidence decreases and the dura-
tion is short= decreased prevalence
25. relative risk [a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
or rate in exposed/rate in unexposed
26. Relative Risk (RR)=1.0 no association between exposure and
disease
27. RR=2.0 two times the risk of disease in the ex-
posed compared to the unexposed
28. RR=1.6 1.6 times the risk of disease in the ex-
posed compared to the unexposed or
60% increased risk of disease in the
exposed (1.6-1.0=.60=60%)
, CPH-CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM TEST BANK QUESTIONS A
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29. RR-.5 .5 times or 1/2 the risk of disease in
exposed compared to the unexposed
30. odds ratio -represents the odds that an outcome
will occur given a particular exposure,
compared to the odds of the outcome
occurring in the absence of that expo-
sure
- most commonly used in case-control
studies; can also be used in cross sec-
tional and cohort studies
31. OR equation (a/b)/(c/d)
32. which condition must be met in the disease must be rare
order for the Odds ratio to approx-
imate the relative risk?
33. ecological study (correlational) -unit of analysis: population or groups
- exposure status: based on the popula-
tion
- time can vary
34. ecological fallacy making assumptions about the individ-
ual based on findings at the level of the
population
35. cross sectional -time: snapshot in time
-population- individual level (selected
without regard to exposure or disease
status)
-measure: prevalence of disease
- measure of association: OR
-cannot determine cause and effect
36. case control -disease is rate
-disease has a long induction and latent
period
-little is known about the disease
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