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Immunology and Serology Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025
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Immunology and Serology Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2024/2025
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Immunology and Serology Exam 1Questions And Answers
What is the difference between precipitation and agglutination reactions? - ANSPrecipitation-
visual aggregation of soluble test antigens with antibodies.
Agglutination- visual aggregation of particulate test antigens.
What body fluids can be utilized for serological studies on patients? - ANSPlasma, CSF,
Amniotic fluid, bone marrow, seminal and vaginal fluids, urine
What major cells are found within the peripheral blood? What is the lineage for each? -
ANSLymphoid- T cell, B cell
Myeloid- neutrophil, macrophage, eosinophil, mast cell
Erythrocytes
Platelets
What are the steps involved with the formation of the platelet plug during clot formation? -
ANSPlatelets aggregate at the injury site. Binds collagen fibers. The platelet plug blocks blood
loss and stimulates the coagulation cascade.
What is immunophenotyping? - ANSStudy of surface markers that differentiate one immune
system from another
What is the difference between serum and plasma? - ANSSerum- straw-colored fluid lacking
coagulation factors.
Plasma- contains coagulation factors.
What are some of the major clotting factors and what are the roles they play in clot formation? -
ANSFibrinogen- precursor factor to clot formation.
Fibrin- formed when fibrinogen is exposed to thrombin, provides structure to the clot.
Thrombin- enzyme that acts on fibrinogen during the coagulation cascade.
Factor XIII- stimulated by thrombin to convert fibrin monomers into fibrin polymers, required for
the formation of the diagnostic indicator of thrombosis.
What are the four structural levels of protein biosynthesis? - ANSPrimary- specific sequence of
amino acid monomers.
Secondary- regular, repeating structural motifs.
Tertiary- binding between side groups in the polypeptide.
Quaternary- two or more distinct polymers that bind to form a functional unit.
, What are the proteins associated with fats, sugars, and nucleic acids? - ANSLipoproteins,
Glycoproteins, and Nucleoproteins
How is serology used in the evaluation of infectious disease? - ANSEvaluates infectious
diseases through the fluctuation in specific antibody titers that occur during the disease process.
How are titers used to follow disease progression? - ANSAssess a patient during a disease
state. Also used to establish baseline antibody and antigenic values in various populations.
What are genes, genetics, and genomics? - ANSGenes- functional unit of inheritance controlling
the transmission and expression of traits.
Genetics- study of genes, coded as DNA of most living cells; provides evidence of heredity and
genetic variation that occurs between individuals.
Genomics- study of whole genomes.
What are the three major classes of buffers and solutions? - ANSSaline solutions- PBS
Blocking solutions- BSA
Other reagent and specific additives- sodium azide
What is the relationship between titer and dilution? - ANSTiters are reported as the inverse of
the greatest dilution of serum.
Define OSHA, CAP, TJC, CDC, CLSI, and WHO. - ANSOSHA- provides employees with a safe
work environment.
CAP- accrediting organization, site visits, and proficiency testing.
TJC- mandates hospital preparedness plan for disaster management.
CDC- assess infectious disease risks that pose a risk to public health.
CLSI- provides guidelines and reports focuses on all aspects of the clinical and diagnostic lab.
WHO- international standards for lab safety and quality.
What are the two major types of errors found in clinical laboratories? What are the differences
between them? - ANSSystematic errors- part of a procedure or process and is both reproducible
and discoverable and can be eliminated.
Random errors- indeterminate and are caused by unknown variables that cannot be defined or
eliminated, human error.
What three major aspects of lab design facilitate increased safety and productivity in the lab?
What are common safety features in the lab? - ANSPhysical layout of the lab, heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning , installation of emergency-response equipment.
Handwashing stations, eye washing stations, alarm systems, flammable liquid storage, chemical
storage, durable surfaces, fir and gas detection systems, biological safety cabinets, chemical
fume hoods
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