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URR Echocardiography Exam Latest Updated Graded A+
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URR Echocardiography Exam Latest Updated Graded A+
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URR Echocardiography Exam LatestUpdated Graded A+
_______ _______ is caused by persistently elevated LA pressure - ANSWER-
pulmonary HTN
________ _________ is the beat to beat variation in the SV due to LV dysfunction -
ANSWER-pulsus alterans
________ __________ is the alternating variations in the amplitude of the QRS
complex over successive cardiac cycles - ANSWER-electrical alterans
__________ is the inflammation of the outer layer of tissues surrounding the heart -
ANSWER-pericarditis
__________ valve vegetations are most common in patients with a history of IV drug
abuse and the bacteria ________ ___________ is the most common. - ANSWER-TV.
staphylococcus aureus bacteria
____________ ___________ is when the systolic BP measured during expiration is
10mmHg or more than the same pressure noted during inspiration - ANSWER-pulsus
paradoxus
_____________ _______________ is the chronic inflammatory process of the
pericardium that may cause calcification, adhesions and fibrosis with thickening of the
pericardial layers - ANSWER-constrictive pericarditis
_____________ syndrome is a delayed form of pericarditis that occurs 1-12 weeks after
a MI - ANSWER-dressler syndrome
_____% of cardiac tumors are benign - ANSWER-80%
a ______ is the most common primary malignancy of the heart and usually occurs in
which chamber? - ANSWER-angiosarcoma, usually in RA
a __________ deceleration slope indicates significant PI - ANSWER-steep
a cleft MV is associated with what 2 congenital defects and shows division of which
MVL? - ANSWER-endocardial cusion defect( partial-AV septal defect) and primum
ASD. AMVL
a papillary fibroelastoma is found on the ________ side of the MV and the _________
side of the AoV. (opposite of vegetations) - ANSWER-LV side of MV and aorta side of
AoV
,a papillary rupture is usually related to ________ wall infarction and usually involves
which papillary muscle? - ANSWER-inferior wall. posteromedial
a Reynolds number of >________ indicates turbulence - ANSWER-2000
a significant shunt is detected if the Qp/Qs ratio is __:__ or higher - ANSWER-2:1
a stenosis of >____% indicates significant stenosis requiring treatment - ANSWER-70%
a wave that requires a medium through which to travel, cannot travel in a vacuum -
ANSWER-mechanical wave
acquired PS may be seen in patients with __________ syndrome - ANSWER-carcinoid
after a pericardiocentesis, pericardial fluid is sent to the lab to check for which 5 things?
- ANSWER-blood, microorganisms (bacteria, fungus or viruses), WBCs and cancer cells
or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
after CABG procedure, it is a common finding to see abnormal motion of which wall? -
ANSWER-IVS
an aortic cusp separation(ACS) of <____mm indicates significant obstruction -
ANSWER-<12mm
an endocardial cushion defect can lead to a dilation in which chamber? - ANSWER-RV
with right heart volume overload.
an Inlet VSD is located in the ______ septum - ANSWER-posterior septum
an IVRT of >____ms indicates severe MR - ANSWER->60ms
an outlet/supracristal VSD is located in the ______ and 60-70% have associated _____
______ _____ _____ - ANSWER-RVOT, right aortic cusp prolapse
aortic aneurysms caused by syphilis (mycotic aneurysms) most commonly form in what
part of the aorta? - ANSWER-ascending aorta
aortic arch syndrome, AKA ______________, causes abnormal tissue formation within
the aorta and other medium-large arteries - ANSWER-Takayasu Arteritis
AoV replacement is indicated when the LV end systolic dimension is >_______cm -
ANSWER->5.5cm
are vegetations on the atrial or ventricular side of the AoV leaflets? - ANSWER-
ventricular (flow side of valve)
, atrial contraction is during _______ diastole. 30% of blood volume ejected from atria
into ventricles - ANSWER-late. when MV and TV close, this marks the end of Diastole.
average pressure of RA - ANSWER-0-5mmHg
Beck's triad is a constellation of findings indicative of __________ _____________ and
consists of what 3 symptoms? - ANSWER-cardiac tamponade. consists of IVJ
distension, hypotension and muffles heart sounds on auscultation
bernoulli equation - ANSWER-p1-p2=4(v)²
cardiac MRI is limited in evaluating what? - ANSWER-valvular structures and fine
motion of leaflets
Combine sequenced linear array and phased array techniques to provide a trapezoidal
imaging format - ANSWER-vector array
composed of 2 segments that will become SVC, IVC and atrial floor - ANSWER-sinus
venosus
connects pulmonary trunk to aortic arch, majority of flow bypasses fetal lungs -
ANSWER-ductus arteriosus
connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver - ANSWER-
ductus venosus
CSA=____x_____diameter ² - ANSWER-CSA=.785xLVOT(or RVOT)diameter ²
DCM leads to decreased LV function, decreased EF and global hypokinesis which puts
the patient at great risk for _______ ____________. - ANSWER-thrombus formation
decreasing sector angle will _______ spatial resolution and ________ temporal
resolution. degrade/improve - ANSWER-degrade, improve
diastasis is during _______ Diastole - ANSWER-mid.
dilation of the __________ ___________ and the ____________ _____ __________ is
the most common presentation of marfan syndrome? - ANSWER-ascending aorta and
sinus of valsalva
does a MV vegetation form on the atrial or ventricular side? - ANSWER-atrial side
Does Dobutamine increase or decrease venous return? - ANSWER-decrease
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