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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE (IRSC) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE (IRSC) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 1STUDY GUIDE (IRSC) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
development - ANSWER the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life
span
normative age-graded influences - ANSWER influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age
group
non-normative life events - ANSWER unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life
prenatal period - ANSWER conception to birth
infancy period - ANSWER birth to 18-24 months
Early Childhood period - ANSWER 3-5 years old
middle and late childhood - ANSWER 6-10 years
adolescence period - ANSWER 10/12-18 years
early adulthood - ANSWER 20s and 30s
middle adulthood - ANSWER 40-60s years
Late Adulthood - ANSWER 60 years and older
Nature - ANSWER biological inheritance
Nurture - ANSWER environmental influences
Erickson's stages of psychosocial development - ANSWER
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANSWER
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory - ANSWER emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive
development
Skinner's Operant Conditioning - ANSWER Development consists of the pattern of behavioral changes
that are brought about by rewards and punishments
observational learning - ANSWER learning by observing others
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - ANSWER development reflects the influence of several
environmental systems:
, 1) microsystem
2)mesosystem
3) exosystem
4) macrosystem
5) chronosystem
correlational studies - ANSWER a research method that describes and predicts how variables are
naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them or assign
causation between them
experimental studies - ANSWER studies in which the independent variables are directly manipulated and
the effects on the dependent variable are examined; only research that can establish cause/effect
informed consent - ANSWER an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable
them to choose whether they wish to participate
problems with evolved mechanisms that are no longer necessary - ANSWER eating a bunch of food or
craving high calorie diet when food wasn't available would now cause childhood obesity
Mitosis vs. Meiosis - ANSWER Mitosis: one division forming 2 identical cells (clones); Meiosis: two
divisions forming 4 genetically different cells (gametes)
chromosome pairs for males - ANSWER
chromosome pairs for females - ANSWER
Difference between identical and fraternal twins - ANSWER Identical twins are the result of one fertilized
egg splitting - same DNA
Fraternal twins are the result of two fertilized egg - no more related than any siblings.
Phenotype - ANSWER An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup of an organism
Down syndrome symptoms - ANSWER - *Intellectual Disability* (#1 Cause)
- Epicanthal Folds (Eyes)
- Flat Facies
- *Single Palmar Crease*
- *Gap Between 1st-2nd Toe*
- *Duodenal Atresia*
- Hirschsprung Disease
- *Heart Disease* (Septal Defects)
sickle cell anemia - ANSWER a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red
blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) - ANSWER - blood test that
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