This document contains comprehensive notes from Lecture 19 of the CO2412 course on Computational Thinking, focusing on key probability concepts essential for exam preparation. The lecture provides a detailed review of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events, joint and marginal probabi...
Mutually Exclusive Events
1. Definition
o Mutually Exclusive Events are events that cannot occur
simultaneously.
o Example:
A = Queen of Diamonds
B = Queen of Clubs
Events A and B are mutually exclusive because a single card
cannot be both.
Collectively Exhaustive Events
1. Definition
o Collectively Exhaustive Events cover the entire sample space,
meaning one of the events must occur.
o Example:
A = Aces
B = Black Cards
C = Diamonds
D = Hearts
Events B, C, and D are collectively exhaustive and mutually
exclusive since each event covers a distinct part of the
sample space.
2. Example with Coin Toss
o When tossing a coin, the outcomes "Head" (H) and "Tail" (T) are
mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive.
o Probability of H = 1/2, Probability of T = 1/2, Sum = 1.
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