This document contains detailed notes from Lecture 9 of the CO2412 course on Computational Thinking. The lecture provides an in-depth exploration of Binary Search Trees (BSTs) and Heaps, two fundamental data structures in computer science.
Introduction to Binary Search Trees (BST)
1. Binary Tree Structure
o A Binary Tree is a hierarchical structure where each node has a
maximum of two children: a left child and a right child.
o Key Components:
Root Node: The topmost node in the tree.
Leaf Nodes: Nodes without children.
Edges: Connections between nodes.
Binary Search Trees (BST)
1. Definition and Properties
o A Binary Search Tree is a type of binary tree where each node
follows a specific order:
The left child’s value is less than its parent node’s value.
The right child’s value is greater than its parent node’s value.
o This property allows for efficient searching, insertion, and deletion
operations.
2. Searching in a BST
o To find a value, start at the root and compare the value with the
node’s value:
If the value is less, move to the left child.
If the value is greater, move to the right child.
Repeat this process until the value is found or the subtree is
exhausted.
Example:
To find the value 8:
Start at the root (9), move left (6), then move right (8) to find
the value.
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