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fractures and amputations quiz /72 Questions with Verified Answers
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fractures and amputations quiz /72Questions with Verified Answers
What is a fracture? - -a break or disruption in the continuity of a bone
-What is a complete fracture? - -One in which the break extends across the
entire bone dividing into two separate pieces
-What is a incomplete fracture? - -Bone breaks only partway across leaving
some portion of the bone intact
-What is a greenstick fracture? - -bone is splintered on one side, but only
bent on the other
Used to describe incomplete fractures, most commonly seen in children
-what is a closed/simple fracture? - -a closed or simple fracture is one in
which the broken bone does not break through the skin
-what is a open/compound fracture? - -Fragments of the broken bone break
through the skin
-Open fracture grade one is? - -Least severe injury with minimal skin
damage
-Open fracture grade 2 is? - -moderately severe injury with skin and muscle
contusions (bruises)
-Open fracture grade 3 is? - -most severe injury (wound larger than 6 to 8
cm) with skin, muscle, blood vessel and nerve damage
-What is a stress fracture? - -caused by either repeated or prolonged stress
often related to sports
-What is a pathologic fracture? - -Occurs because of a pathologic condition
in the bone such as a tumor or disease process that causes a spontaneous
break
-What are some causes of fractures? - -most commonly by trauma to the
bone (automobile accidents and falls)
bone disease (bone cancer)
-hip fractures in older adults are usually associated with what? - -Falls
-What are some risk factors for hip fractures? - -osteoporosis
, Advanced age
Caucasian race
Female gender
-An adult which bones are most commonly fractured? - -Ribs
-Which bones are most commonly fractured in young and middle-aged
adults? - -Femur
-In older adults which bones are most commonly fractured? - -hip
Wrist
And vertebral fractures
-What is stage one of healing? - -hematoma formation. Immediately after a
fracture bleeding and edema occur.
In 48 to 72 hours a clot or hematoma forms between the two broken ends of
the bone
-What is stage two of healing? - -fibrocartilage formation, the hematoma
that surrounds the fracture does not reabsorb as does a hematoma in other
parts of the body
Other tissue cells enter the clot and granulation tissue forms, replacing the
clot, which then forms a collar around each end of the broken bone,
gradually becoming firm and forming a bridge between the two ends.
-What is stage three of healing? - -Callus formation. within one to 4 weeks
after injury, the granulation tissue changes into callus formation
The callus is larger than the diameter of the bone and serves as a temporary
splint .
-what is callus made up of ? - -cartilage, osteoblasts, calcium and
phosphorus
-What is stage four of healing? - -ossification. Within three weeks to six
months after the break permanent bone callus (woven bone) . During this
stage ends of the broken bone begin begin to knit.
-What is stage five of healing? - -consolidation and remodeling.
Consolidation occurs when distance between bone fragments decreases and
eventually closes. During bone remodeling, the immature bone cells are
gradually replaced by mature bone cells. The excess bone is naturally
chiseled away by stress to the affected part from motion, exercise and
weight-bearing.
the bone, then takes on its original shape and size.
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