Campbell Biology Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell | Questions And Answers Latest {2024-
2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
light microscope (LM) - visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses
organelles - the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells
electron microscope (EM) - focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface
scanning electron microscope (SEM) - the electron beam scans the surface of the sample, usually coated
with a thin film of gold
useful for detailed study of the topography of a specimen
transmission electron microscope (TEM) - used to study the internal structure of cells
aims an electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen
cell fractionation - for studying cell structure and function
takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another
plasma membrane - cells bounded by a selective barrier
cytoso - jellylike substance in which subcellular components are suspended
eukaryotic cell - most of DNA is in the nucleus, bounded by a double membrane
prokaryotic cell - the DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed called the
NUCLEOID
, cytoplasm - the interior of either type of cell
plasma membrane - the boundary of every cell, functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of
enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell
nucleus - contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell (some genes can be in mitochondria and
chloroplasts)
nuclear envelope - encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm
nuclear lamina - nuclear side of the envelope is lined with nuclear lamina, a netlike array of protein
filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope
chromosomes - in the nucleus the DNA is organized into discrete units
structures that carry genetic info
nucleolus - a prominent structure within the nondividing nucleus, which appears through the electron
microscope as a mass of densely strained granules and fivers adjoining part of the chromatin
ribosomes - complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the cellular components that carry out
protein synthesis
endomembrane system - part of eukaryotic cell; includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic
reticulum, the golgi, lysosomes, and various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane
vesicles - sacs made of membrane
membrane of this system are related either through direct physical continuity or by the transfer of
membrane segments as tiny vesicles
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