CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) correct answers •Refers to the application of continuous pressure on inspiration and expiration in the spontaneously breathing neonate
•Constant pressure keeps the alveoli open and increases the functional residual capacity (FRC) which leads to better...
Chapter 15 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ||
with 100% Accurate Solutions.
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) correct answers •Refers to the application of
continuous pressure on inspiration and expiration in the spontaneously breathing neonate
•Constant pressure keeps the alveoli open and increases the functional residual capacity (FRC)
which leads to better gas exchange
V- CPAP correct answers Ventilator Derived CPAP
B-CPAP correct answers Buble CPAP
IF- CPAP correct answers Infant Flow CPAP
Physiological Effects of CPAP correct answers - Increases FRC and Vt
- Decreases Intrapulmonary Shunt
- Increases Pulmonary Compliance
- Decreases airway resistance
- Stabilized the chest wall & upper airways, thus preventing obstructive apnea
- Improves the distribution of ventilation, ventilation-to-perfusion, and gas exchange
- Decreases of WOB, and reduces alveolar dead space
- Protects the developing lung
- Better type 2 pneumocyte function & even recycling of surfactant, thus contributing to early
recovery from Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD)
- Decreases cellular indicators of lung injury
- Reduces the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation
- Stimulates the J receptors in the pleura and provides positive feedback to the respiratory center
by herring Breuer relfex
Indication for CPAP correct answers 1. Premature infants
- delivery room CPAP and Prophylactic CPAP
-RDS
- Apnea of Prematurity
- After extubation from mechanical ventilation
- early surfactant administrating followed by NCPAP
6. Other Possible indications
- Used in conjunction with Surfactant, NO, Extracorporeal oxygenation membrane
administration
- paralysis of a hemidiaphragm
- CHF, Pulmonary Edema, Pulmonary Hemorrhage
- RR> 30% normal
- paradoxical chest wall movement with suprasternal and substernal retractions, grunting, nasal
flaring, and cyanosis
Contraindication of CPAP correct answers - Criteria for CPAP failure requiring mechanical
ventilation
PaCO2 > 60 mmHg Consistently
Ph < 7.25
- Upper airway abnormalities
Choanal atresia
Cleft Palate
Tracheoesophageal fistula
- Untreated congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Neuromuscular disorder
- Central nervous system depressant medication
- Central or frequent apnea
Hazard and Complication of CPAP correct answers - Pneumothorax
- A result of auto-peep when infants are tachypneic
- Decreased Expiratory time
- May also occur after surfactant replacement therapy
- Pulmonary compliance improves and the infant is not weaned
- Other air leaks syndromes: Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema, Pneumomediastinum,
pneumatocele
- lung overdistension leading to a decreased venous return to the heart
- Increased ICP
- Decreased Urine Output
- Bowel distention from air swallowing
- Equipment problems: improper fit of nasal prongs or face mask, leaks, obstruction of nasal
prongs, insufficient gas flow
- fluctuating pressures and increased WOB
- Improper fixation of the patient interface
- nasal snubbing and widening of the nares
- breakdown, erosion, and necrosis
- Skin irritation of head and neck from straps, bonnets, and harnesses
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