IMPEDIMENTS/BAD HABITS TO SOUND THINKING: - Answer - Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
- Letting stereotypes shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking decep...
WGU D265- CRITICAL THINKING &
LOGIC SOLVED 100% CORRECT
IMPEDIMENTS/BAD HABITS TO SOUND THINKING: - Answer - Making
generalizations unsupported by evidence
- Letting stereotypes shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
EGOCENTRISM: - Answer the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself.
SOCIOCENTRISM: - Answer the assumption that one's own social group is
inherently superior to all others.
CRITICAL THINKING IS CHARACTERISTICALLY: - Answer self-directed; self-
disciplined; self-monitored;
self-corrective; requires practicing good intellectual habits; "thinking about thinking".
FIRST-ORDER THINKING (ORDINARY THINKING): - Answer spontaneous and
non-reflective; contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning indiscriminately
combined
SECOND-ORDER THINKING (CRITICAL THINKING): - Answer first-order thinking
that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed).
FAIR-MINDEDNESS: - Answer to consider all relevant opinions equally without
regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests; to bring an unbiased and
unprejudiced perspective to all viewpoints relevant to a situation. Involves adherence
to Intellectual Standards along with requiring the critical thinker to simultaneously
embody certain key Intellectual Traits.
INTELLECTUAL UNFAIRNESS (opposite of fair-mindedness): - Answer to always
see yourself as right and just; nearly always involves an element of self-deception.
TRAITS/VIRTUES of a CRITICAL THINKER:
*terms used by Paul & Elder
(all relate fundamentally to fair-mindedness) - Answer -INTELLECTUAL
AUTONOMY=thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality.
-INTELLECTUAL COURAGE=to develop the courage to challenge popular beliefs;
confronting ideas, views, beliefs with fairness, even when painful; examine beliefs
that one has negative feelings toward and has been dismissive of.
-INTELLECTUAL EMPATHY=to routinely inhabit the perspectives of others in order
to genuinely understand them.
-INTELLECTUAL HUMILITY=commitment to discovering the extent of one's own
ignorance. Recognition that one does not/cannot know everything. To be conscious
of one's biases and prejudices.
-INTELLECTUAL INTEGRITY=striving to be true to one's own disciplined thinking
and holding oneself to the same standards that one expects others to meet.
, WGU D265- CRITICAL THINKING &
LOGIC SOLVED 100% CORRECT
-INTELLECTUAL PERSEVERANCE= the act of working one's way through
intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so.
-CONFIDENCE IN REASON=encourages people to come to their own conclusions
through the use of their own rational faculties; to use good reasoning as the
fundamental criterion by which to judge whether to accept or reject any belief or
position.
STRONG-SENSE CRITICAL THINKERS: - Answer to behave in ways that do not
exploit or otherwise harm others; work to empathize with the viewpoints of others;
consistent pursuit of fair and just; willing to listen to arguments they do not
necessarily hold; change their views when faced with better reasoning. Rather than
using their thinking to manipulate others and to hide from the truth (in a weak-sense
way), they use thinking in an ethical, reasonable manner.
WEAK-SENSE CRITICAL THINKERS: - Answer fail to consider, in good faith,
viewpoints that contradict its own viewpoint; lacks fair-mindedness.
Sophistry - Answer The art of winning arguments regardless of whether there are
problems in the thinking being used, regardless of whether relevant viewpoints are
being ignored.
Sophistic thinkers - Answer Use lower-level skills of rhetoric, or argumentation, by
which they make unreasonable thinking look reasonable and reasonable thinking
look unreasonable
Reasoning; key question to ask - Answer Whenever someone is reasoning, it makes
sense to ask, "Upon what facts or information are you basing your reasoning?"
Element: ASSUMPTIONS/PRESUPPOSED - Answer Reasoning begins with our
assumptions. These encompass everything we take for granted as true in order to
figure out something else. Being able to identify assumptions (others' and our own) is
essential to critical thinking.
Element: CONCEPTS - Answer Reasoning takes form in concepts. Most of us take
our concepts for granted. Critical thinking requires us to be aware of the concepts we
hold and consider how they drive our reasoning.
Element: IMPLICATIONS/CONSEQUENCES - Answer
Element: INFERENCES - Answer
Element: INFORMATION - Answer
Element: POINT of VIEW - Answer
Element: PURPOSE - Answer
Element: QUESTIONS - Answer
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