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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
is termed:
A) aneuploidy.
B) nondisjunction.
C) polyploidy.
D) anaplasia. - CORRECT-ANSWERSb
A somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called:
A) an aneuploid cell.
B) a euploid cell.
C) a polyploidy cell.
D) a haploid cell. - CORRECT-ANSWERSa
What are causes of atrophy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSaging
disuse (skeletal tissue)
ischemia [restriction in blood supply to tissue] (heart, brain)
inadequate nutrition
decrease in work load, use, blood supply, hormones, and nervous stimulation
Where does dysplasia occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERScervix
respiratory tract
epithelia tissue of cervix
An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell
is a(n):
A) metaphase spread.
B) autosomal spread.
C) karyotype.
D) anaphase spread. - CORRECT-ANSWERSc
Examples of atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSskeletal muscle: person with cast,
spinal cord injury, bed rest patient
heart atrophy: no blood supply to part of heart, chamber of heart can
atrophy
What are causes of hypertrophy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSadaptation for loss
(kidney)
,physiological (skeletal muscle)
hormone induced (uterus)
Examples of hypertrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of kidney: other kidney
enlarges
utreus in pregnancy
heart secondary to hypertension or diseased heart valves
How does metaplasia differ from atrophy, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSreversible replacement of one mature cell by another
cell
allows for replacement with cells that are better able to tolerate
environmental stresses
When does metaplasia occur? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsmoking
replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
(airway) lining by stratified squamous epithelial cells
replacement of ciliated epithelial cells in trachea with non-ciliated cells,
airway not protected
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals
that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. Which of the following describes this
condition?
A) Euploidy
B) Triploidy
C) Tetraploidy
D) Aneuploidy - CORRECT-ANSWERSc
If a person is a chromosomal mosaic, the person may:
A) be a carrier of the genetic disease.
B) have a mild form of the genetic disease.
C) have two genetic diseases.
D) be sterile as a result of the genetic disease. - CORRECT-ANSWERSb
The most common cause of Down syndrome is:
A) paternal nondisjunction.
B) maternal translocations.
C) maternal nondisjunction.
D) paternal translocations. - CORRECT-ANSWERSc
Risk factors for Down syndrome include:
A) fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
B) increased paternal age.
, C) family history of Down syndrome.
D) pregnancy in women over age 35. - CORRECT-ANSWERSd
A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is
called:
A) Down syndrome.
B) Cri du chat syndrome.
C) Turner syndrome.
D) Edward syndrome - CORRECT-ANSWERSc
A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child's
parents are first cousins. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:
A) X inactivation.
B) genomic imprinting.
C) consanguinity.
D) obligate carriers. - CORRECT-ANSWERSc
Joey, age 9, is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne muscular
dystrophy. He inherited this condition through a:
A) sex-linked dominant trait.
B) sex-influenced trait.
C) sex-limited trait.
D) sex-linked recessive trait. - CORRECT-ANSWERSd
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with:
A) penetrance.
B) recurrence risk.
C) expressivity.
D) delayed age of onset. - CORRECT-ANSWERSd
People who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease;
this is because of the genetic principle of:
A) penetrance.
B) expressivity.
C) dominance.
D) recessiveness. - CORRECT-ANSWERSb
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.
A) X-linked dominant
B) X-linked recessive
C) autosomal dominant
D) autosomal recessive - CORRECT-ANSWERSd
To express a polygenic trait:
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