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PHGY 210 Respiration Exam Latest Update
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PHGY 210 Respiration Exam LatestUpdate
Function of respiration - Answer Gas exchange
Conducting zone - Answer Conducting airways-airways from mouth and nose openings,
all the way down to the terminal bronchioles. Anatomical dead space of about 150mL
Respiratory zone - Answer Terminal bronchioles to alveolar sacs. Makes up most of the
lungs
Acinus - Answer Smallest physiological unit of the lung
Function of conducting airways - Answer 1. Defense against bacterial infection and
foreign particles
2. Warm and moisten inhaled air
3. Sound and speech are produced by movement of air passing over vocal cords
4. Regulation of air flow
Pulmonary circulation - Answer Brining mixed venous blood to the lungs, allowing for
blood to get oxygenated and then back to left heart
Bronchial circulation - Answer Supplying oxygenated blood from systemic circulation to
tracheobronchial tree. Allows for airways to get oxygenated from the bronchial arteries
of the aorta
3 types of alveolar cells - Answer 1. Epithelial type I and II cells
2. Endothelial cells-wall of pulmonary capillaries
3. Alveolar marcophages
Diaphragm - Answer Innervated by phrenic nerves from cervical segments 3, 4, and 5
Inspiration - Answer Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract -> Thoracic age
expands-> intrapleural pressure becomes more negative -> transpulmonary pressure
increases -> lungs expand ->alveolar pressure becomes subatmospheric ->air flows into
alveoli
Expiration - Answer Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles stop contracting ->
chest wall recoils -> intrapleural pressure increase -> transpulmonray pressure
decreases -> lungs recoil -> air in lungs compressed -> alveolar pressure >atmospheri
pressure -> air flows out of the lungs
Spirometry - Answer Measure volume of air inhaled during inspiration under number of
, different circumstances. Cannot measure FRC, TLC or RV
Measurement of FRC - Answer C1 X V1 = C2 X (V1 + FRC)
FRC = (C1 X V1 /C2) - V1
Minute ventilation (VE) - Answer VE = Vt x f
VT = tidal volume
f = number of breaths/min
Normal respiration values - Answer VT = 500mL, f = 12 breaths/minute
VE = 6000 mL/min
Va = 4200mL/min
Physiological dead space - Answer Certain amount of inspired air although reaching the
respiratory zone, doesn't take part in gas exchange.
VD = VE - VA
Normal alveolar ventilation - Answer VA (alveolar ventilation) matches CO2 and keeps
PaCO2 at a constant level
Alveolar hyperventilation - Answer More O2 supplied and more CO2 removed than
metabolic rate requires (VE >needs of body). PAO2 increases and PaCO2 decreases.
Must be considered with respect to metabolism
Alveolar hypoventilation - Answer Fall in overall level of ventilation reduces VA below
that required by metabolic activity of body. PaO2 decreases below normal values while
PaCO2 rises above the normal value
Fick's Law - Answer Rate of diffusion of a gas through a tissue is proportional to the
tissue area and difference in gas partial pressure between the 2 sides and is inversely
proportional to the tissue thickness.
O2 vs CO2 solubility - Answer Difference in PCO2 between 2 sides of alveolar-capillary
membrane is 10 times smaller than that for PO2. However, diffusion rate of CO2>>>O2.
Therefore time required for equilibrium between alveolar air and capillary blood
approximately the same for the two gases
Transit time - Answer 0.75 seconds at rest. In normal lung diffusion of both O2/CO2 is
accomplished within 1/3 of RBC transit time.
BP of pulmonary circulation - Answer Systole 25 mmHg, diastole 8mmHg. Mean
pulmonary arterial pressure is about 15 mmHg. Left atrial pressure of 5mmHg
Flow - Answer Pressure/Resistance
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