Biological And Biochemical Foundations Of Living S
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living S
Exam (elaborations)
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems (BB) Section || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living S
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Biological And Biochemical Foundations Of Living S
A heterodimer represents what level of protein structure? correct answers Quaternary
Dopamine is most likely to induce signal transmission by action on which portion of a neuron? correct answers Post synaptic membrane
Where do neurotransmitters function to induce signal transmission? correct ...
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems
(BB) Section || All Questions Answered Correctly.
A heterodimer represents what level of protein structure? correct answers Quaternary
Dopamine is most likely to induce signal transmission by action on which portion of a neuron?
correct answers Post synaptic membrane
Where do neurotransmitters function to induce signal transmission? correct answers Post
synaptic membrane
What is the difference between passive and facilitated diffusion? correct answers In passive
diffusion, particles diffuse across a membrane from high to low concentration.
In facilitated diffusion, particles diffuse across a membrane from high to low concentration with
the involvement of a protein (carrier protein, ion channel, etc.)
Fatty acids produce the most what of any lipid? correct answers ATP/carbon
If each structure contains 17-carbon fatty acid residues, an equimolar amount of which lipid will
produce the most ATP upon complete oxidative metabolism? correct answers Triacylglyceride
What is the structure of a triacylglyceride? correct answers Three fatty acids attached to a
glycerol backbone
What are phospholipids? correct answers Make up the lipid bilayer. Phospholipids are fat
derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of several
nitrogen-containing molecules. They are amphiphlic molecule, meaning a portion can be
dissolved in water and a portion that cannot dissolve in water.
What are sphingolipids? correct answers These contain sphingosine instead of glycerol as the
carbon backbone to create the sphingomyelins
The most common sphingomyelin is that with choline as the polar head group. Contains less than
2 fatty acids
What are glycolipids? correct answers membrane carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids.
Precursor for a variety of hormones
After ingestion of a meal high in simple carbohydrates, the primary metabolic process at work is:
correct answers Glycogenesis
What is glycolysis? correct answers the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and
pyruvic acid.
What is gluconeogenesis? correct answers The formation of glucose by non-glucose precursors.
, Proteins and fats.
What is glycogenolysis? correct answers breakdown of glycogen into glucose
What is glycogenesis? correct answers formation of glycogen from glucose
Does glycolysis or glycogenesis play a larger role in balancing blood sugar? correct answers
Glycogenesis
What happens when acetylcholine release is inhibited? correct answers Neurons cannot stimulate
the muscles to contract so the muscle would remain flaccid and smooth
Why is apoptosis inhibiting to cell culture? Cultured cells will be... correct answers Dead after
one or two divisions. Apoptosis is programmed cell death which prevents internal enzymes from
damaging surrounding tissue
Caspases activate apoptosis through signal transduction pathways. Upregulatjon of caspase
activity would most likely lead to what and why? correct answers Fragment of nuclear DNA.
Apoptosis is programmed cell degradation and one of the characteristics of this is fragmentation
of the chromosomal material
How is necrosis different from apoptosis? correct answers Necrosis is accidental cell death as a
result of some change to the cellular environment and not programed causing cell content
leakage to be high when the cell is damaged causing the leak to go into extracellular spaces and
damage surrounding tissue
What cells divide continuously without inducing apoptosis? correct answers Embryonic stem
cells
Is the release of parathyroid hormone regulated by positive or negative feedback? correct
answers Regulated by feedback inhibition
Is an action potentional regulated by positive or negative feedback? correct answers Positive
Do antibodies enhance function? correct answers No
Given that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to chronic inflammation, which treatment would
be most beneficial for patients suffering from RA? An antibody that binds to correct answers
Tumor necrosis factor alpha because TNF-alpha is a pro inflammatory cytokine and antibodies
impede function
If the majority of a molecule is made up of hydrocarbons even though it has some atoms that can
hydrogen bond, is the molecule as a whole hydrophobic or hydrophilic? correct answers
Hydrophobic
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