AAMC FL 1 C/P || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
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AAMC FL 1 C/P
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AAMC FL 1 C/P
In the chromatography of the reaction mixture, water absorbed on cellulose functioned as the stationary phase. What was the principal factor determining the migration of individual components in the sample? correct answers This is an Organic Chemistry question that falls under the content category ...
AAMC FL 1 C/P || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
In the chromatography of the reaction mixture, water absorbed on cellulose functioned as the
stationary phase. What was the principal factor determining the migration of individual
components in the sample? correct answers This is an Organic Chemistry question that falls
under the content category "Separation and purification methods." The answer to this question is
A because the relative amount of hydrogen bonding to the stationary phase will determine the
relative rate of migration of the various components in the sample. It is a Scientific Reasoning
and Problem Solving question because you are asked to evaluate an argument about causes and
consequences
What assumption is being made if scientists conclude that aspartic acid was formed by the
prebiological synthesis in the passage? correct answers A hydrolysis reaction usually occurs with
protonation of hydroxyl, cleavage of a neighboring double bond to leave a carbocation, and
reacting with the carbocation with your substrate of interest (ammonia). If you look at the
structure, the carbon that has the ammonia attached is actually nowhere near a hydroxyl.
What assumption is being made if scientists conclude that aspartic acid was formed by the
prebiological synthesis in the passage? correct answers in order for the experimental reaction
sequence to be relevant to the primordial formation of aspartic acid, the starting materials used
(Compound A and cyanide) are assumed to have been available
What type of functional group is formed when aspartic acid reacts with another amino acid to
form a peptide bond? correct answers the functional group that forms during peptide bond
formation is known as an amide group
If 2-pentanol replaces 1-pentanol in the reaction shown in Figure 3, the rate of substitution is less
because correct answers the rate of substitution of protonated alcohols is subject to steric
hindrance. This inhibits the ability of nucleophiles to collide with the reacting electrophilic
center and slows the rate of reaction
If Reaction 2 (Figure 4) is repeated with HCl and the compound shown below, which of the
following compounds is NOT a direct product (without rearrangement)? correct answers because
the structure shown in this response requires an additional shift of hydride atoms prior to
elimination and is therefore NOT a direct product.
If a solution containing the compounds shown in Figure 4, is injected into a gas-liquid
chromatograph, the first peak observed in the gc trace is attributable to which compound correct
answers 2-methyl-2-butene will exhibit the lowest molecular weight and also the weakest
intermolecular forces of attraction. This substance will therefore migrate the fastest and be the
first peak in the gas chromatograph (gc) trace
What is the product of the reaction of Compound 1 (shown below) with HBr by the pathway
shown in Figure 3? correct answers the incoming nucleophile displaces the leaving group form
the opposite side of the reacting center during an SN2 reaction
, Acetic acid and ethanol react to form an ester product as shown below.
In determining which reactant loses the -OH group, which of the following isotopic substitutions
would be most useful? correct answers this experiment involves labeling a group which does not
exchange with other groups present prior to reaction and will therefore give information about
the true identity of the groups, which are exchanged during the reaction.
According to the passage, what is most likely correct about the genes that are expressed as a
result of the constant activation of the NF-κB pathway? correct answers They contain a p65/cRel
binding site in their promoter region
"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma.
The most common feature of the molecular pathogenesis of DLBCL is the constant activation of
the NF-κB pathway. The NF-κB proteins p65 and cRel are transcription factors that can be
continuously activated when mutations occur to proteins upstream in the signaling pathway
(Figure 1). Their activation leads to increased cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis.
Activation occurs when the inhibitory IκBα protein is degraded. This frees the nuclear
localization sequence (NLS) on p65. The NLS is composed of four amino acids (KRKR) and
interacts with an importin on the nuclear envelope. "
p65 and cRel are transcription factors. You can then assume that, because of the increased
production of these proteins, you're going to be increasing the transcription of a gene that leads
to "increased cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis". As transcription factors, the genes
they upregulate must have a binding region for p65 and cRel. This question directly asks you to
apply the information provided in the passage.
Yeah, mitochondrias cause apoptosis, so you might infer that if you cause some disruptions in
the mitochondria, you might disrupt the processes that can cause apoptosis. But nothing about
disrupting mitochondria is mentioned in the passage.
Which mechanism best describes how P-gp facilitates drug resistance? correct answers because
P-gp is an ABC transporter protein, which uses ATP to actively transport antitumor drugs out of
the cell.
So the passage stated that P-gp is a plasma membrane ABC transporter. Going into this, I had no
idea what an ABC transporter was, but I noticed the words "plasma membrane" and "substrate
specificity for hydrophobic compounds". This tells me that P-gp is wedged inside the bilayer and
works best for aromatic/hydrophobic drugs. This tells me that P-gp must be moving stuff outside
of the cell or into the cell. The next sentence says that P-gp prevents drugs from accumulating, so
it must be moving stuff out of the cell. Now we can eliminate A and C because nowhere in the
passage does it say that antitumor drugs are degraded (A) or that entry is forbidden (C). Rather, it
lets stuff in and pushes it back out. This leaves B and D. Experiment 2 examined ATPase activity
of P-gp and found that increasing cholesterol concentration increases ATPase activity. The
important thing here is that P-gp is an ATPase, which suggests that it must kick stuff out of the
cell through active transport by coupling transport to ATP hydrolysis.
The formation of which reaction products is increased in MBCD-treated MDR cells after
exposure to 100 µM cholesterol? correct answers 100 µM cholesterol in the depleted MDR cells,
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