What is esophageal cancer? - ANS Cause unknown but strongly related to smoking, alcohol use, asbestos exposure, and diets low in fruits, vegetables and vitamins
- Achalasia and barrett's esophagus
What is achalasia? - ANS decrease function of lower esophagus
What is barre...
CHA 2 Exam 2 GI Questions With
Complete Solutions
What is esophageal cancer? - ANS Cause unknown but strongly related to smoking,
alcohol use, asbestos exposure, and diets low in fruits, vegetables and vitamins
- Achalasia and barrett's esophagus
What is achalasia? - ANS decrease function of lower esophagus
What is barrett's esophagus? - ANS premalignant tissue changes seen with frequent
esophageal irritation, chronic reflux
Where are most malignant esophageal tumors found? - ANS the middle or lower 1/3 of the
esophagus
What is the prognosis of esophageal cancer? - ANS Often poor due to it being diagnosed
late
How do tumors of esophageal cancer look? - ANS usually appear as ulcerated lesion and
is quite advanced at time of diagnosis.
What are signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer? - ANS progressive dysphagia,
choking, hoarseness with higher tumor, weight loss, pain a late sign, severe regurgitation with
bloody-flecked esophageal contents with advanced disease.
What are complications of esophageal cancer? - ANS Esophageal obstruction
Hemorrhage as tumor erodes through esophagus and into aorta
Fistula may form into trachea or lungs leading to pneumonia and hemorrhage
How is esophageal cancer diagnosed - ANS Endoscopy; Barium Enema; CT or MRI
What is the treatment of esophageal cancer? - ANS Usually treated with combination of
surgery, chemo and radiation
Surgical options:
Esophagectomy: Removal of all or part of esophagus; Dacron graft used to replace the resected
part.
, Esophagogastrectomy: Removal of part of esophagus and anastamosis of remaining portion to
stomach.
Esophagoenterostomy: Removal of part of esophagus and anastomosis of a segment of colon
to the remaining portion.
Maintaining nutrition very important for good outcome.
What is GERD? - ANS Syndrome resulting in reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus
Can be from hiatal hernia or relaxation/weakness of lower esophageal sphincter
What are the symptoms of GERD? - ANS Heartburn, sore throat, hoarseness, early satiety
Bloating, nausea and vomiting, regurgitaiton (effortless return of material from stomach to
esophagus or mouth), feeling of lump in throat, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia); some may
suffer bronchospasm
What are complications of GERD? - ANS Besides discomfort, scar tissue can form in
esophagus leading to strictures;
Esophageal metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus) can lead to cancer of esophagus,
Pulmonary complications (pneumonia)
What meds protect the mucosal lining? - ANS Antacids (Magnesium oxide, calcium
carbonate)
-Neutralizes stomach acid, protects the mucosa
-Give 1-3 hours after meals and at bedtime
What meds decrease or block hydrochloric acid (HCL) production? - ANS H2 Receptors
antagonists (Famotidine, ranitidine)
What is anti-ulcer medications? - ANS Sulcrafate: coats mucosa for protection, give prior
to meal
What does Bethanochol (urecholine) do? - ANS Can increase LES pressure
Metoclopromide (reglan) - ANS Increases stomach emptying
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller DocLaura. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
