NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL Exam latest updated 2024
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NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL Exam latest updated 2024
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct Answer:
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
2: They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Correct ...
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL Exam latest updated 2024
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct Answer:
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
2: They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Correct Answer:
pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples
of? Correct Answer: signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Correct Answer: If negative, it can
safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? Correct Answer:
Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Correct Answer: Tertiary prevention
occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take
after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Correct Answer: In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off
in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected
area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form
on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread
of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.
Correct Answer: necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being a part of a
living person. An example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. This is when the cells die
,and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This could cause
necrosis
Sunburn Correct Answer: radiation injury
Obesity Correct Answer: nutritional imbalances
Reactive oxygen species Correct Answer: free radical injury
Low oxygen to tissues Correct Answer: hypoxic cell injury
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of
each. Correct Answer: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular
and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example
of this is simple squamous tissue which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues
and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and
external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. Neurons are an example of
this, they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, and they are held and supported by
glial cells.
Connective tissue
,A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. Correct Answer: False
Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia Correct Answer: false
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the
number of cells Correct Answer: True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Correct Answer: True
Proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease Correct Answer:
sensitivity
How likely the same result will occur if repeated Correct Answer: reliability
How a tool measures what it is intended to measure Correct Answer: validity
People without the disease who are negative on a given test Correct Answer: specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer: it includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. Correct Answer:
1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2: Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3: Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Correct Answer:
1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2: Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other
particulate matter? Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
, What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or
chemical gradient? Correct Answer: Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential: Correct Answer: Generate nerve impulse,
muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport of protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane
that would otherwise not be able to pass through on its own. Correct Answer: facilitated
diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? Correct
Answer: False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to
therapy or reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? Correct Answer: Diagnosing the
correct cancer and histology.
Explain the TNM system: Correct Answer: T is the size and local spread of the primary
tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer
diagnosis: Correct Answer: fatigue, anemia
What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? Correct
Answer: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
When would surgery be appropriate in the treatment of cancer? Correct Answer: if it is a
solid tumor and has clear margins
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