PSIO 303 Questions And Answers With Verified Updates
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Course
PSIO 303
Institution
PSIO 303
As the Metabolic Syndrome progresses towards overt type 2 diabetes, symptoms typically arise
chronologically. Which of the following arrangements best represents the chronological order of their
development, from earliest to latest.
A. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, central adiposity, ret...
PSIO 303
As the Metabolic Syndrome progresses towards overt type 2 diabetes, symptoms typically arise
chronologically. Which of the following arrangements best represents the chronological order of their
development, from earliest to latest.
A. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, central adiposity, retinopathy.
B. Central adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy
C. Retinopathy, central adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia
D. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, central adiposity, retinopathy - B. Central adiposity, insulin
resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy
Which of the following is an accurate statement about signal transduction?
A. A chemical messenger produced by one cell in a tissue that acts on an adjacent cell in the tissue is an
example of endocrine communication.
B. Only the amino acids tyrosine, serine, and alanine in signaling proteins undergo phosphorylation and
dephosphorylation.
C. Phosphorylation of an intracellular protein can result in either activation or inactivation of that
protein.
D. A doubling of hormone binding to its plasma membrane receptors will cause a doubling of a cellular
response - C. Phosphorylation of an intracellular protein can result in either activation or
inactivation of that protein.
Oxidative stress...
,A. is characterized by excess ROS production.
B. is associated with cell damage and impaired cell signaling.
C. can be caused by elevated blood glucose levels.
D. All of the above. - D. All of the above.
Which of the following second messengers is NOT produced via a GPCR coupled with the given G-
protein?
1. Gs: cAMP
2. Gi: cGMP
3. Gq: DAG and Ca2+
4. Gt: GMP - 2. Gi: cGMP
The infusion of an inhibitor of eNOSinto an individual would have what effect?
1. Increase blood flow and glucose transport into skeletal muscle
2. Decrease blood flow and glucose transport into skeletal muscle
3. Have no effect on blood flow and glucose transport into skeletal muscle - 2. Decrease blood
flow and glucose transport into skeletal muscle
,Insulin resistance of glucose disposal in skeletal muscle is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Impaired vasodilation in arterioles due to excessive eNOSactivation in smooth muscle cells
B. Decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1
C. Enhanced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation by PKC θinitiated by excess plasma FFA
D. Less plasma membrane GLUT-4 due to decreased GLUT-4 translocation - A. Impaired
vasodilation in arterioles due to excessive eNOSactivation in smooth muscle cells
Insulin secretion from β-cells requires all of the following EXCEPT:
A. ATP production (primarily from glucose oxidation in mitochondria).
B. ATP-mediated opening of K+-channels and membrane hyperpolarization.
C. Opening of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels and Ca2+release from the ER.
D. Exocytosis of secretory granules and release of insulin from the β-cell - B. ATP-mediated
opening of K+-channels and membrane hyperpolarization.
Based on information presented in class, when would be the optimal time to treat an individual with
sulfonylureas?
A. Before development of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia
B. Right after insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia first develop
C. During the early part of the phase of β-cell failure
, D. After complete loss of β-cell mass due to apoptosi - C. During the early part of the phase of β-
cell failure
The hormone ____________ can ____________ HGPby inhibiting ____________.
A. insulin, stimulate, gluconeogenesis
B. insulin, decrease, glycogenolysis
C. glucagon, decrease, glycogenolysis
D. glucagon, stimulate, gluconeogenesis - B. insulin, decrease, glycogenolysis
Excess HGP in the Metabolic Syndrome is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Decreasing blood insulin levels
B. Increasing blood glucagon levels
C. Increased suppression of lipolysis in fat cells
D. Enhanced rate of glycogenolysisin hepatocytes
E. Enhanced rate of gluconeogenesis in hepatocyte - C. Increased suppression of lipolysis in fat
cells
In the Metabolic Syndrome, what changes in adiponectin are related to insulin resistance?
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