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CHA 2 EXAM 2 GI QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED SOLUTIONS!!
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CHA 2 EXAM 2 GI QUESTIONS WITH 100% SOLVED SOLUTIONS!!
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CHA 2 EXAM 2 GIQUESTIONS
WITH 100%
SOLVED
SOLUTIONS!!
Evatee 8/17/24 CHA
,CHA 2 EXAM 2 GI QUESTIONS WITH 100%
SOLVED SOLUTIONS!!
What is esophageal cancer? Answer - Cause unknown but strongly related to
smoking, alcohol use, asbestos exposure, and diets low in fruits, vegetables and
vitamins
- Achalasia and barrett's esophagus
What is achalasia? Answer - decrease function of lower esophagus
What is barrett's esophagus? Answer - premalignant tissue changes seen with
frequent esophageal irritation, chronic reflux
Where are most malignant esophageal tumors found? Answer - the middle or
lower 1/3 of the esophagus
What is the prognosis of esophageal cancer? Answer - Often poor due to it
being diagnosed late
How do tumors of esophageal cancer look? Answer - usually appear as
ulcerated lesion and is quite advanced at time of diagnosis.
What are signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer? Answer - progressive
dysphagia, choking, hoarseness with higher tumor, weight loss, pain a late sign,
severe regurgitation with bloody-flecked esophageal contents with advanced
disease.
, What are complications of esophageal cancer? Answer - Esophageal
obstruction
Hemorrhage as tumor erodes through esophagus and into aorta
Fistula may form into trachea or lungs leading to pneumonia and hemorrhage
How is esophageal cancer diagnosed Answer - Endoscopy; Barium Enema; CT
or MRI
What is the treatment of esophageal cancer? Answer - Usually treated with
combination of surgery, chemo and radiation
Surgical options:
Esophagectomy: Removal of all or part of esophagus; Dacron graft used to
replace the resected part.
Esophagogastrectomy: Removal of part of esophagus and anastamosis of
remaining portion to stomach.
Esophagoenterostomy: Removal of part of esophagus and anastomosis of a
segment of colon to the remaining portion.
Maintaining nutrition very important for good outcome.
What is GERD? Answer - Syndrome resulting in reflux of gastric contents into
the esophagus
Can be from hiatal hernia or relaxation/weakness of lower esophageal
sphincter
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