PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIORS PASSAGES KHAN ACADEMY || with 100% Verified Solutions.
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This is defined as the tendency for people to choose relationships with other people who have similar attributes: correct answers Homophily
Homophily in social networks also implies that individuals with similar traits are more likely to form social ties with one another, which also often impac...
PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND BIOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIORS PASSAGES KHAN
ACADEMY || with 100% Verified Solutions.
This is defined as the tendency for people to choose relationships with other people who have
similar attributes: correct answers Homophily
Homophily in social networks also implies that individuals with similar traits are more likely to
form social ties with one another, which also often impacts their actions.
What is this an example of:
Individuals that share similar health risks such as high BP are more likely to form stronger social
ties with one another, or put another way are less likely to dissolve social ties with one another.
correct answers Homophily
These are typically closer and longer-lasting ties: correct answers Primary groups
Siblings and other family members are considered primary groups
These are more impersonal and temporary: correct answers Secondary groups
If another researcher finds that strong social support among Whites explains positive health
behavior, which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? correct answers
Social support is an independent variable since it explains varying health outcomes.
Since social support explains health behavior, health behavior is the outcome or dependent
variable.
Socioeconomic gradients in health can be best explained by which of the following basic
concept: correct answers Socioeconomic gradients in health are an aspect of social stratification
(how people are categorized into rankings of socioeconomic tiers).
For epidemiological studies exploring flu transmission, "random mixing" captures the essential
aspects of the diffusion process, for example, you do not choose to sit next to a person with the
flu. However, for STD transmission studies, a crucial aspect to consider would be "preferred
mixing" where people select partners with similar characteristics. Which of the following
concept is similar to "preferred mixing"? correct answers Homophily is defined as the tendency
for people to choose relationships with other people who have similar attributes.
Based on the homophily principle, people often prefer mixing with those who are similar to
themselves.
The above study emphasizes the effects of social interaction on drug usage. One further aspect to
consider is how an individual's drug-related behavior may be further reinforced by the way
,others judge or classify him/her. A guiding concept for this aspect would likely be: correct
answers Labeling
This concept holds that terms used to negatively identify or classify a drug user are considered to
also negatively influence the person's self and social identity.
This concept indicates that deviant or negative behavior is not inherent; behavior is only deviant
when society or other individuals refer to it as deviant.
What is meant by "No statistically significant differences were found in identification of
emotions between groups except in the discrimination of fear from surprise and sadness?" correct
answers The null hypothesis was confirmed. There are likely cultural differences in the
interpretation of fear which contributed to the difficulty with the distractors surprise and sadness.
This describes an event (story describing fear) followed by a physiological response (fight or
flight) which is interpreted as fear and fear is perceived. correct answers The Schachter-Singer
theory of emotion
This describes an event (story describing fear) which elicits simultaneous physiological response
(fight or flight) and perception of an emotion (fear). correct answers Cannon-Bard theory
This describes an event (story describing fear) which elicits physiological response (fight or
flight). correct answers The James-Lange theory
This requires that interpretation must happen before arousal or emotion, which happen
simultaneously. Since the event (story describing fear) was interpreted as being non-threatening
before a physiological response (fight or flight) and emotion (fear) were to be perceived
simultaneously, neither the physiological response (fight or flight) nor the emotion (fear) were
elicited. correct answers Lazarus theory
This is a reward after a randomized number of responses. correct answers Variable ratio
This would be a reward after a random amount of time. correct answers Variable interval
This is a reward after a set period of time. correct answers Fixed interval
This would be a reward after a set number of responses. correct answers Fixed ratio
Which of the following describes why rewarding Tiger with a treat for every 3 minutes of play
could be more effective in changing his behavior than taking away his bed? correct answers
More immediate feedback following desired behavior makes for a stronger consequence
When Jeff put the cats in a carrier when they didn't play nicely, what kind of operant
conditioning strategy was he using? correct answers Positive punishment
, Jeff has been successfully increasing the number of times Whiskers has to play nicely before he
receives a treat, until finally he decides he can stop giving treats during playtime all together.
Whiskers suddenly becomes ultra-aggressive - he bites, hisses, and scratches at an increased rate
when playing with the laser pointer. Which of the following best describes Whisker's behavior?
correct answers Whiskers is experiencing an extinction burst.
When an animal no longer receives regular reinforcement, its original behavior will sometimes
spike (meaning increase dramatically) - this is known as an extinction burst.
How many successive binary decisions are represented by 64 binary alternatives? correct
answers 6 successive binary decisions
Which of the following scenarios is utilizing a chunking technique? correct answers Writing
down a grocery list by category.
Acronyms such as PAD are an example of correct answers mnemonics
The word being memorized is connected to other words in a list; the order facilitates recovery of
the list items. correct answers The link system utilizes order and connections (links) to facilitate
memory recovery.
Creating a scene where each member of a list is represented by a number, rhyme, shape, or
sound. correct answers The peg memory system utilizes numbers, rhymes, shapes, and sounds to
create a scene based on a mental 'hook'.
Based on the information in the passage, which of these would describe the most accurate top-
down processing that a prosopagnosic might use to recognize faces? correct answers The
interpretation of gait, tone of voice, and context to recognize the person.
Which of the following brain areas could produce symptoms of prosopagnosia if damaged?
correct answers Fusiform gyrus
The fusiform gyrus is a part of the visual system in the brain, and plays a role in high level visual
processing and recognition. Damage to this part of the brain could result in prosopagnosia.
Damage to Wernicke's area is associated with correct answers language losses
Damage to the cerebellum is associated with correct answers balance and coordination
dysfunction.
Damage to the frontal lobe is associated with correct answers changes in personality and
cognitive processing
The researcher decides to examine the results item by item, and finds that one famous face has
been mis-identified by every participant - they all name her as a different actress! He realizes that
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