Geography Final Exam Questions and Answers
Adaptation - Answer-Actions taken to reduce the impacts of climate change, such as developing new crop varieties or building new water treatment facilities.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Answer-Founded at the Earth Summit in ...
Adaptation - Answer-Actions taken to reduce the impacts of climate change, such as
developing new crop varieties or building new water treatment facilities.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Answer-Founded at the
Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 - Annual convention of world leaders to
negotiate global climate change policy.
COP21 Paris Agreement - Answer-Many countries accounting for 90% of global
emissions agreed to limit global warming below 2 C, capping increase to 1.5 C (2015)
Chlorofluorocarbons - Answer-group of chemical compounds used in refrigerators, air
conditioners, foam packaging, and aerosol sprays that may enter the atmosphere and
destroy ozone
Montreal Protocol - Answer-started the world on a successful path to phase out CFCs
and restore the ozone layer - Inexpensive alternatives existed
acid deposition - Answer-The deposition of acids and substances by rainfall, snow, and
dust particles falling from the atmosphere that contribute to soil acidification
energy - Answer-the ability to do work
conventional energy - Answer-depends on the combustion of nonrenewable resources,
like wood, coal, oil, or gas
renewable energy - Answer-May be maintained indefinitely (or for longer periods of
time) without being used up.
carrying capacity - Answer-Biological term referring to the maximum threshold
population that a region may support
Malthusian - Answer-Humans will increase in population faster than agricultural
production. Famine is an inevitable (natural) check on overpopulation.
Neo-Malthusian - Answer-Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough
resources for current and future populations.
Structuralist - Answer-Scarcity is more a matter of inequity than overpopulation
, Neo-structuralist - Answer-scarcity is a contructed problem based on the hoarding of
resources by some countries and unequal levels of consumption.
technocratic and cornucopian perspective - Answer-technological innovation will
overcome resource constraints
I=PAT - Answer-Environmental Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
Demographic Transition Model - Answer-A sequence of demographic changes in which
a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through
time.
Based on work of Warren Thompson, 1929
Based primarily on European context.
emigration - Answer-movement of individuals out of an area
Immigration - Answer-Movement of individuals into a population
crude birth rate - Answer-Number of live births per year per 1000 people
total fertility rate - Answer-Average number of children a woman would have over her
lifetime
anthropocene - Answer-Proposed period in planetary history in which humans have
become a dominant force in the functioning of the Earth's systems.
climate change - Answer-A long-term alteration in the average conditions of a region,
such as precipitation or temperature. This differs from weather, which is short-term
conditions.
Causes of climate change - Answer-tectonic, orbital, strength of the sun, anthropogenic
greenhouse gases - Answer-Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect.
greenhouse effect - Answer-These gases trap heat within the earth's atmosphere,
increasing global temperatures (and especially, increasing the temperature of the
oceans!)
positive feedback loop - Answer-Causes a system to change further in the same
direction.
As temperatures rise, humans use air conditioners more, increasing GHG emissions,
which exacerbates the greenhouse effect.
negative feedback loop - Answer-A feedback loop that causes a system to change in
the opposite direction from which it is moving
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