✓ ~~~ chemical messenger that stimulate the cell that originally secreted it. Example:
White blood cells, stimulate own reproductions
explain paracrine
✓ ~~~ paracrine chmeical messengers, stimulate those around them, Exmmple
histamine and dvasodialation
Explain Neurotransmitters
✓ ~~~ secreted by neurons that activate adjacent tcell.
Explain endocrine chemical
✓ ~~~ secreted into the blood stream by certain glands and cells.
,neuropeptide
✓ ~~~ hormones that are released from neurons., aka neurohormones. example:
oxytocin
The Endocrine System operates under the direction of the _____ System
✓ ~~~ Nervous
Effects of the Endocrine System are ____ than the effects of the Nervous System
✓ ~~~ slower, nervous is seconds or milliseconds, endocrine can be weeks or days
What is a chemical produced in one area of an organism that is carried to another
part of the organism
✓ ~~~ Hormone
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?
✓ ~~~ Exocrine glands have ducts that carry their secretions to the outside of the
body, or into a hollow organ. Ie: saliva, sweat, breast milk.
What is an amplitude modulated signal
✓ ~~~ Hormones and the response that they create can be varied by amplitude. A
large amount of hormone, creates a large response.
What is a binding protein and how does it work with hormones?
, ✓ ~~~ binds to hormones like a chaperone so that the aqueous solution and enzymes
don't degrade it. In the case of lipid soluble, the binding protein makes it more
soluble. Hormones only bind to their specific binding protein
When hormones dissociate from their binding proteins they are called
✓ ~~~ free hormones.
Some hormones are always free because they don't have specific protiens
how does binding affect half life of hormone
✓ ~~~ it lengthens the hormones half life, acting as a reserve for hormones.
Explain conjunction
✓ ~~~ a process call conjugation, is when certain enzymes in the liver attach water-
soluble molecules to th hormones. Usually sulfate or Glucuronic acid, its then
excreted in bile
Proteins are _____-soluble
✓ ~~~ Water
Amino Acids are _____-soluble
✓ ~~~ Water
Thyroid Hormones (thyroxine) are _____-soluble
✓ ~~~ Lipid
Conversly Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is ______- soluble
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