Pathophysiology Exam 1 Guaranteed Solutions
Pathophysiology ️Study of the bodies response to dysfunction and or disease
disease ️An interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structure
Etiologic factors (causes of disease) PBCN ️P - Physical forces (trauma, burns, ra...
Etiology: risk factors ✔️Congenital - present at birth (genetic influences and or maternal drug use)
Acquired later in life (caused by experienced events such as exposure to an infectious agent, bad
nutrition, lack of oxygen, faulty immune response, neoplasia (forming of a new growth)
Pathogenesis ✔️The sequence of cellular and tissue events that happen from point of initial contact
until expression of disease
Morphology ✔️study of fundamental form or structure of cells or tissues
Histology ✔️Study of the cells of body tissues
Clinical manifestations ✔️How the disease presents itself thru signs and symptoms
sign ✔️a manifestation that is noted by an observer
symptom ✔️subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache. Patient tells you there
symptoms
syndrome ✔️A compilation of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a specific disease state.
,Diagnosis ✔️Designating the nature or cause of a health problem
What does a diagnosis require? ✔️History, physical exam, and diagnostic tests
Predictive factors ✔️Diagnosis
Sensitivity and specificity
Reliability
Predictive value
Validity
sensitivity and specificity ✔️how well the test or observation identifies people with or without a
disease
Reliability ✔️the extent to which a repeated observation is repeated and gives the same results
Predictive value ✔️The extent to which an observation is able to predict the presence of a disease
Validity ✔️the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Acute ✔️Severe but self-limiting
Sub-acute ✔️Between acute and chronic (not as prolonged)
Chronic ✔️Continuous, long-term process
Disease Frequency factors ✔️Disease case
Incidence
, Prevalence
disease case ✔️an existing case or the number of new episodes of a particular illness
Incidence ✔️# of new cases arising in a population in a set time
Prevalence ✔️the measure of existing disease at a given point in time
Morbidity ✔️the effects an illness has on a persons life
mortality ✔️pertains to the causes of death in a given population
Factors Derived by Using Epidemiologic Methods ✔️How disease is spread
How to control disease
How to prevent disease
How to eliminate disease
Studies to determine risk factors ✔️Cross-sectional studies
Case-control studies
Cohort studies
cross-sectional studies ✔️a research method that compares participants in different groups at the
same time
Case-control study ✔️Compare case subjects to control subjects
Cohort studies ✔️Involves groups that are relatively the same age or who share some characteristics
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