Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies
Question 1:
A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What
do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply. - a. "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now." - b. "...
Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies
Question 1:
A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What
do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply.
- a. "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now."
- b. "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence."
- c. "There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2."
- d. "Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan."
Answer: b. "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence."
Feedback: This behavior is typical for a child around 2 years old, as they are working on asserting their
autonomy and developing independence during this stage.
---
Question 2:
A nurse wants to find information on current evidence-based research, programs, and practices
regarding mental illness and addictions. Which resource should the nurse consult?
- a. American Psychiatric Association
- b. American Psychological Association (APA)
- c. Clinician's Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy
- d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Answer: d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Feedback: The SAMHSA provides a National Registry of Evidence-based Practices and Programs, making
it a valuable resource for the latest evidence-based information in mental health and addictions.
---
Question 3:
,A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, "No!" Which
psychosocial crisis is evident?
- a. Trust versus mistrust
- b. Initiative versus guilt
- c. Industry versus inferiority
- d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Answer: d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Feedback: This crisis occurs in early childhood and is characterized by the child's struggle for
independence. The refusal to comply with toilet training reflects the expression of autonomy.
---
Question 4:
A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, "I want that now!" From a psychoanalytic
perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality?
- a. Id
- b. Ego
- c. Superego
- d. Preconscious
Answer: a. Id
Feedback: The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires and
impulses without regard to social norms or consequences.
---
Question 5:
The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using
good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the
personality?
, - a. Id
- b. Ego
- c. Superego
- d. Preconscious
Answer: c. Superego
Feedback: The superego represents the moral conscience and includes internalized ideals from parents
and society. Praising good behavior helps reinforce these moral standards.
---
Question 6:
A nurse supports a parent for praising a child who behaves in helpful ways to others. When this child
behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result?
- a. Guilt
- b. Anxiety
- c. Humility
- d. Self-esteem
Answer: d. Self-esteem
Feedback: The development of positive behaviors through reinforcement fosters a sense of self-worth
and self-esteem as an adult.
---
Question 7:
An adult says, "I never know the answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis
was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?
- a. Initiative versus guilt
- b. Trust versus mistrust
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