ICRC FINAL TEST QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
Alcohol common problems - Answer-Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic
deficits, hypertension, liver and heart disease.
Alcohol OD - Answer-Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible
death.
Alcohol Withdrawal - Answer-Trembling, autonomic hyperactivity, Anxiety, insomnia,
vitamin deficiency, confusion, hallucination, and convulsions.
Alcohol acute effects - Answer-low doses: eupohoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, and
lowered inhibitions. high doses: drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional
volatility, loss of coordination, visual dostortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunctions,
loss of consciousness/increased risk or injuries, violence, fetal damage.
Sedative Hypnotics desired effects - Answer-Similar to alcohol. Reduction of anxity;
possible elation, secondary to decrease alertness and judgment.
Sedative Hypnotics acute effects - Answer-Sedation, impaired judgement, impaired
operation of vehicles, respiratory and cardiac depression with overdose (much less
likely with benzoidiazepines alone).
Sedative Hypnotics interaction with alcohol - Answer-Potentiation of effects, especially
respiratory depression, Some degree of cross tolorance.
Sedative Hypnotics common problems - Answer-Tolerance, dependence, addiction,
elderly falls, respiratory dpression
Sedative Hypnotics withdrawal - Answer-Similar to alcoho, but may have slower onset.
Severity and time of onset vary wtih half life of drug. Mild: anxiety, restlessness, nausea,
vomiting, insomnia, hpertention, tachycardia, agitation, tremors, sensory,
hypersensitivity, dizziness, confusion, fatigue. Severe: Autonomic hyperactivity, vital
sign instability, elevated temp, delusions, hallucinations, mania, delirium, catatonia,
seizures, tremulousness, altered perceptions, w/d seizures possibly leading to death.
Sedative Hypnotics Medical uses - Answer-Sleep, anxiety, muscle relaxation, alcohol,
and sedative/hypnotic w/d, control of seizures includes Benzodiazepines, barbiturates,
and others.
,Sedative Hypnotics physica/mental exam - Answer-Slurred speech, ataxia, stupor,
coma, and for nonbenzo's respiratory depression. confulsion, impaired judgement,
delirium.
Cocaine action - Answer-affects dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels. Blocks
re-uptake of dopamine, prolonging dopamine effects. Depleats it with prolonged use.
Toxic effects on cardiac, respiratory, and cns.
Amphetamines and Methylphenidate action (stimulant) - Answer-Direct neuron release
of dopamine and norepinepherine and blockade of catecholamine re-uptake produce
euphoric effects. Various toxic effets on the sympathetic nervous system.
CAGE - Answer-• The briefest and most widely used.
• Only four questions asked directly to the person.
• If someone answers yes to one of the questions then there is an indicator that their
might be a problem that needs to be further investigated.
• If they answer yes to two or more they are sent for further testing.
• Advantages-yes or no questions
• Disadvantages-not asking about time frame, self report, not in depth about
environment, not in depth
MAST - Answer-• Widely used
• Good reliability and validity
• Original had 25 self administered questions the one now has only 22.
• Advantages-it could be a reality check to someone taking it, not very time consuming,
simple yes and no
• Disadvantage-it doesn't ask you to explain, doesn't ask time frame
AUDIT - Answer-• Ten items 1-3 frequency and quantity 4-6 alcohol dependence 7-10
how harmful alcohol use.
• Advantages-you can use it in an interview, it's not that long, it's more specific
• Disadvantage-not specific enough, doesn't add in the times when drinking is more
acceptable like vacation etc., not valid
• Can be self report questionnaire or an interview
DAST - Answer-Screen drugs other than alcohol
POSIT - Answer-139 items on it
Used for substance use problems and social, behavioral, and learning problems
Disadvantages-too long, repetitious, lack of consistency
Advantages-more detailed
SASSI - Answer-• Doesn't directly question about alcohol/drug use (not like the previous
ones)
• Around 50 questions
• Asks questions about alcohol/drug use on one side and don't on the other
,• Looking for defensiveness, looking at others, personal affect
• Disadvantages-could be hard to profile
DSM Axises - Answer-o Axis I-Clinical syndromes
• Alcohol abuse, cannabis dependency
o Axis II-Personality disorders/mental retardation
• Not used very often in alcohol or chemical use
o Axis III-Medical Conditions
• Psuerosis of the liver
o Axis IV-Psychosocial/environmental stressors
• Losing kids because of substance abuse, lacks good social support system
o Axis V-Global assessment of functioning
• 0-100 how the person is functioning overall
Narcotics possible effects - Answer-Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression,
constricted pupils, nausea
Narcotics effects of OD - Answer-Slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions,
coma, and possible death
Narcotics withdrawal syndrome - Answer-Water eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of
appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills, sweating.
Narcotics - Answer-Heroin, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydro-morphone, Oxycodone,
Codeine
Depressants - Answer-Hydroxybutyric Acid, gamma, Benzodiazepines etc.
Depressant effects - Answer-slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without
odor of alc., imparired membory of events, interacts with alc.
Depressant overdose - Answer-shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak
and rapid pulse, coma, and possible death.
Depressant withdrawal - Answer-Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions,
possible death.
Stimulants - Answer-Cocaine half life=one hour, Amphetamine=6-12 hours,
Methylphenidate=2 hours
Stimulant effects - Answer-Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse
rate, increased blood pressure, insomnia, and loss of appetite, dialated pupils.
Stimulant OD - Answer-Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations,
convulsions, and possible death
, Stimulant withdrawal - Answer-Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression
(possible with suicidal potential), and disorientation, increased appetite, anhedonia
(absence of pleasure) and craving.
Hallucinogens - Answer-MDMA and Analogs, LSD, Phencyclidine,
Hallucinogen signs and symptoms - Answer-Increased reflexes, tremors, weakness,
flushing and chills, seizures, inappropriate mood, elation, hallucinations, bizarre
behafvior, diorientation, confusion, delusions, and impaired judgement.
Hallucinogen OD - Answer-Increased body temp, electorlyte imbalance, cardiac arrest,
unable to direct movement, feel pain, or remember.
Hallucinogen withdrawal - Answer-Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne, and
drug seeking behavior.
Cannabis effects - Answer-Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetitie,
disorientation,
Cannabis problems - Answer-impairment of ability to learn. Medical effects wth
prolonged use include respiratory problems, possible impaired immune function and
possible reproductive problems includinglow birth weight infants.
Cannabis withdrawal - Answer-Rare. Appear limited to some heavy users. Possible
irritability, restlessness, craving, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, muscle twitching,
overt aggression and depression.
Anabolic Steroids effects - Answer-Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-
mastia, acne aggressive behavior
Anabolic Steroids withdrawal - Answer-Possible depression
Inhalants effects - Answer-flushing, hypotension, headache, cardiac depressants
leading to "sudden sniffing death.
Inhalants signs and symptoms - Answer-possible asphyxiation and frostbite of nose,
lips, or larynx if inhaled from a tank, loss of motor control, nausea, ataxia, muscle
weakness, dysarthia, nystagmus, diminished reflexes.
Inhalants withdrawal - Answer-Agitation -pyschological but no known physical
symptoms
Alcohol common problems - Answer-Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic
deficits, hypertension, liver and heart disease.
