NR 222-Final Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
Definitions of Health
✓ ~~~ -A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and the merely
absence of disease.
✓ -Both individual and societal.
✓ -State of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and
lifestyle.
✓ -Individuals responsibility but it also requires collection action to ensure a society and
an environment in which people can act responsibly to support health.
Health Promotion
✓ ~~~ -Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health.
✓ -Motivates people to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise & good
nutrition to reach more stable levels of health.
✓ -The model details individual characteristics & experiences, behavior-specific
cognitions, & affect, as well as behavior outcomes.
✓ -End result is a commitment to a plan of action or promoting health behaviors.
Hx of Health
✓ ~~~ -Before 1940=absence of disease.
-Infectious diseases were prominent.
-Physician: independent primary practitioner.
-Government: start public health/welfare.
-1940s-1950s=ability to fulfill roles.
-Physicals for fitness.
,-Physicians linked to hospital services.
-Increased federal role: hospital expansion, federal programs.
-1960s-present=adaptation & reaction to environment.
-Disease prevention/health promotion.
-Emphasis on individual responsibility/lifestyle choices.
-Growing number/diversity of primary providers.
-Government: control costs.
-Quality of life seen as component of health
Illness
✓ ~~~ -A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
-Person can feel ill in the presence or absence of disease.
-Composed of the subjective experience of individual & physical manifestation of
disease.
Disease
✓ ~~~ -Failure of a persons adaptive mechanisms.
-Results in functional or structural disturbances.
✓ ~~~ -Clinical: absence of disease; prevention not emphasized. Only seek help when
needed.
-Role performance: health based on whether person can perform societal roles.
-Adaptive: ability to adapt positively to change.
-Eudaimonistic: exuberant well-being; interaction and interrelationships in multiple
aspects of life. Mind-body connection. Typically uses holistic measures.
Health Belief Model
✓ ~~~ -Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors.
-3 components:
, 1.) individuals perception of susceptibility to an illness.
2.) individuals perception of the seriousness of the illness.
3.) likelihood that a person will take preventive action.
Health Promotion Model
✓ ~~~ -Promotes healthy living.
-Focuses on:
1.) individual characteristics & experiences.
2.) behavior-specific cognitions & affect.
3.) behavior outcomes.
-end result: commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors.
-Adapts as an individual develops over a lifetime.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
✓ ~~~ -Used to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs.
-Considers individual experiences which are always unique to that individual.
2.) Safety/security: security of body. employment, resources, morality, family, health,
property.
3.) Love belonging: friendship, family, sexual intimacy.
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