Summary
General Chemistry A: Chapter 16 Acids and Bases Exam Summary
- Institution
- Orange Coast College
Concise summary of Chapter 16 Acids and Bases (based off Pearson 2017 textbook).
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Arrhenius acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry relative- acids: when dissolved in water, strength table
increases concentration of h+ - strong acids: hcl, hno3,
ions hclo4, h2so4, hi, hbr
- bases: whe dissolved in water, - top of acid column
increases concentration of - produce weak conjugates
oh- - conjugates unlikely to
- for aqueous solutions only attract a proton
- completely transfer their
Brønsted-Lowry acids and protons to water
bases - strong bases: koh, lioh,
- Brønsted-Lowry acid-base rxn sr(oh)2, naOH, ca(oh)2,
is an equilibrium rxn involving ba(oh)2, rb(oh)2, cs(oh)2
proton transfer - bottom of column
- acid: a substance that can - strong ability to attract
donate a proton (h+) proton from an acid in
-base: a substance that can aqueous solution
accept a proton (H+) - ionize completely in water
- every acid has conjugate base - produce very weak
pair formed by removing conjugates
proton from acid - weak acids and bases are in
- ie: hf and f- middle of table
- every base has conjugate - only partially ionize in
acid formed by adding proton aqueous solutions
to base - exist in solutions as
- ie: h2o and h3o+ mixture of acid molecules
- strong acids/bases push & their conjugates
equilibrium forward or back, - weak bases in this group
depending on what side of have slight ability to
equation it lies remove protons from
- ie: if on reactants, pushes water
rxn to products. If on - weak acids are Any acid
product side, pushes to that’s not a strong acid +
reactants conj. acids of weak bases
, - strong acids/bases have weak - weak bases are nh3 + any
conjugates structure similar to nh3
- weaker the conjugate, the (nh2, etc)
more stable, non-reactive - can use table to predict
and weak it is which side equilibrium
- strong acids/bases ionize 100% favored.
- weak acids/bases partially ionize - the favored direction is
- when writing equations from stronger to
for them, must add them weaker member of conj
w/ h2O acid-base pair
- ie: hf + h2O —> Self-ionization of
- the more easily an acid/base water
donates/accepts a proton, the - amphiprotic / amphoteric:
less easily its conjugates a substance that can act
accepts/gives up a proton like an acid or base
- ie: hcl conjugate, cl-, - ie: water
doesn’t accept proton as - autoionization: water
easily b/c hcl is strong acting like an acid and a
acid that gives up base with itself
proton easily - [h3o+], [oh-], and kw have
a relationship when in
Ph and other related scales
aqueous solution
- ph > 7 = basic
- kw = [h3o+][oh-]
- ph = 7 = neutral
- kw = 1.00 x 10^-14
- ph < 7 = acid
- ph + poh = 14.00
- ph = -log [h3o+]
- to find [h3o+] when ph is known:
10 p
# =
[+130-1]
-
- for sig figs, # sig figs in log
operation = # decimals in ph
- poh = -log [oh-]
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jamfestcrzy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now