NUR 215 Exam #4 Stress & Coping, Urinary Elimination, Bowel Elimination, Fluid & Electrolyte/ 130+ Q&A. Terms like:
LAS vs. GAS - Answer: GAS is considered to be long and contains a series of pathologic reactions. It has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Unlike LAS, which duratio...
NUR 215 Exam #4 Stress & Coping, Urinary
Elimination, Bowel Elimination, Fluid &
Electrolyte/ 130+ Q&A
LAS vs. GAS - Answer: GAS is considered to be long and contains a series of
pathologic reactions. It has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Unlike
LAS, which duration is shorter, GAS exhibits more apparent symptoms such as fear,
anger, and other overflowing emotions.
Types of Stressors - Answer: situational
developmental
time
anticipatory
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,Stressors throughout lifespan - Answer: Childhood- Failure of parents to meet
child's needs.
Adolescence-Peer pressure or rapid changes in appearance.
Young Adult- College, parenting, planning career.
Middle Age- Caring for children, parents, "Mid-life" crisis, numerous
responsibilities.
Older Adults- Loss of family, loneliness, isolation, reduced independence Change
in financial status.
Stress - Answer: Changes in an individual's state of balance in response to
stressors Internal and external forces that disrupt that state of balance; can be
perceived as "good" or "bad
,Coping strategies (adaptive/effective coping) - Answer: Making healthy choices
that reduce the negative effects of stress.
Examples: Exercise, sleep, support system, getting away, music, meditation
maladaptive coping strategies - Answer: Does not promote adaptation
Unhealthy
temporary fix; possible other harmful effects
Examples- Smoking, stress eating, excessive alcohol intake, drugs (narcotics)
Approaches to coping - Answer: Three general approaches for coping, depending
on the situation can alter the stressor- take action to remove or change the
stressor
Adapt to the stressor: changing one's thoughts or behaviors r/t the stressor
Avoid the stressor which can be healthful or maladaptive
The outcome of stress- adaptation or disease - Answer: Allows for Normal growth
and development Effective responses to life's daily changes and challenges.
Stressors over a long period decrease the ability to adapt Leading to Fatigue,
despair, and depleted resources for coping
Factors that influence adaptation - Answer: Personal perception of the stressor
Is understanding of stressor realistic or exaggerated?
How successful have previous adaptation attempts been?
Overall health status
The number of illnesses present
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, the chronicity of illnesses may affect the ability to adapt to new stressors
Support system
Hardiness (Resilience)
General adaptation syndrome (ALARM STAGE—FIGHT OR FLIGHT) - Answer:
Cardiovascular system: Vasoconstriction, elevated blood pressure
Vital organ perfusion
Respiratory system: Dilated bronchioles, Oxygen consumption increased
Metabolic system: Increased availability of glucose; metabolic rate increases
Liver converts glycogen to glucose
Urinary system: Sodium and water retention
Gastrointestinal system: Decreased peristalsis Musculoskeletal system: Increased
blood flow to muscles
General Adaptation Syndrome (resistance stage-coping with the stressor) -
Answer: Goal: Maintenance of homeostasis
Involves the use of coping mechanisms
Psychological
Body tries to cope - protects itself against the stressor and maintains homeostasis
Physical- return of vital signs to normal
Failure to adapt to or contain stress leads to the third phase
General adaptation syndrome (Exhaustion/Recovery) - Answer: EXHAUSTION If
adaptive mechanisms become ineffective/nonexistent Decrease in blood pressure,
elevated pulse, elevated respiration, vasodilation Usually ends in disease or death.
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