BSNC 2000 Module 3 Test with A Grade Solutions
Complications of Pneumonia: Empyema - Answer-Collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by MOs (usually bacteria)
Complications of Pneumonia: Bacteremia - Answer-Presence of bacteria in the blood
Complications of Pneumonia: Sepsis - Answer...
Complications of Pneumonia: Empyema - Answer-Collection of pus in the pleural cavity
caused by MOs (usually bacteria)
Complications of Pneumonia: Bacteremia - Answer-Presence of bacteria in the blood
Complications of Pneumonia: Sepsis - Answer-Life-threatening condition that arises
when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs
Complications of Pneumonia: Lung Abscess - Answer-- Cavity within the lungs partially
filled with pus
- Can result from a severe infection such as pneumonia
Complications of Pneumonia: Pleural Effusion - Answer-Unusual amount of fluid around
the lung
Complications of Pneumonia: Respiratory Failure - Answer-Syndrome in which the
respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: Oxygenation and
CO2 elimination
SaO2 - Answer-Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in arterial blood
SpO2 - Answer-Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (% of oxygenated hemoglobin)
PaO2 - Answer-Partial pressure of oxygen
Hemoglobin Saturation - Answer-Level at which the hemoglobin in the blood is
saturated
Determinants of oxygen saturation - Answer-- Oxygen dissolved in plasma
- Oxygen bound to hemoglobin (affected by Hgb levels and number of RBCs)
Why do we measure O2 sats in a respiratory assessment? - Answer-Helps to identify if
patient is hypoxemic
Errors when taking O2 sat - Answer-User errors: Put on wrong, fake nails, nail polish,
excessive movement
, Carbon Monoxide: Hemoglobin will read as saturated but SaO2 will be low
Blood volume deficiency/shock: Decreased perfusion to the extremities
Low HGB levels: Pulse oximeter reading will be normal but PaO2 will be low
Coarse Crackles - Answer-- Caused by fluid
- Location: Large airways
- Heard during inspiration or expiration (more common during inspiration)
- CHF/Pneumonia
Fine Crackles - Answer-- Caused by snapping of collapsed alveoli or fluid in/around
alveoli
- Location: Alveoli
- Heard during inspiration or expiration (more common during inspiration)
- Pneumonia
Wheezes - Answer-- Caused by air moving through constricted airways
- Location: Large airways
- Heard during inspiration or expiration
- COPD
Bronchial Lung Sounds - Answer-- Considered abnormal if heard over peripheral lung
fields
- Hear during inspiration or expiration
Ronchi - Answer-- Created by air moving through bronchial tubes that contain mucus or
fluid
- Location: Bronchioles
- Heard during inspiration or expiration (more common on expiration)
Lung Sounds: COPD vs. Pneumonia - Answer-COPD: Wheezes are heard as air moves
past obstructed passages
Pneumonia: Coarse crackles are heard as fluid builds up in the alveolar spaces
Identify if this OBJECTIVE data indicates gas exchange impairment, pneumonia
(infection), or compensation for hypoxemia:
1. Cough
2. Coarse Crackles
3. Use of Accessory Muscles (WOB)
4. Increased HR/RR
5. Change in LOC
6. Decreased O2 sats
7. Fever
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