Host - Answer-- Living object
- Allows sustained survival and transmission of the agent
- Susceptible to the agent which may or may not cause disease in the host
Reservoir - Answer-- Living or non-living object
- Allows sustained survival and transmission of the agent
Can a host also be a reservoir? - Answer-Yes
Examples of MO reservoirs in hospital - Answer-- Patients (gowns/PJs, robes)
- Bed (sheets/blankets/etc.)
- Devices (dressings/tables/tools)
- Garments (scrubs/lab coats)
- Environment (carpet/curtains/toilets)
Route of Transmission - Portal of Exit & Entry - Answer-Area of the body or body
substances through which infectious agents leave and enter the body
Direct Transmission + Examples - Answer-Reservoir to Host
- Direct Contact
- Droplet
- Vertical (Mom to Fetus)
- Direct Implantation/Inoculation (through skin)
Indirect Transmission + Examples - Answer-Reservoir to Intermediary to Host
- Airborne
- Vectors (alive)
- Fomites (catheter)
, - Vehicles (food/water)
Direct Contact - Answer-- Close or direct contact with a reservoir (kissing/sex/etc)
- Direct exposure to an agent and/or contact with body fluids
Droplet Transmission - Answer-- Produced by coughing, sneezing, flushing toilet
- Larger than droplet nuclei (5-10um or larger)
- Distance travelled within 1 meter
Airborne Transmission - Answer-- Droplet nuclei/aerosols
- Smaller droplets (less than 5-10um)
- Can stay suspended in air for extensive period of time
- Infectious agents can remain viable and infectious in suspension
Face Masks - Answer-- Loose fitting
- Not designed to filter out small aerosols
- Place on coughing patient (source control)
- Protect pt during procedures (surgery)
- Droplet precautions
n95 Respirator - Answer-- Tight fitting
- Filters air
- Protects the wearer
- Airborne precautions
Contact Precautions - Answer-- Private room is preferred
- PPE: Gown + gloves
- Ex. MRSA, C. diff, lice
What are the 3 domains of MOs? - Answer-- Archaea (Prokaryote aka no nucleus)
- Bacteria (Prokaryote)
- Eukarya (Eukaryote aka has a nucleus)
What are the Prokaryotic MOs? - Answer-- Bacteria - unicellular
- Archaea - unicellular
What are the Eukaryotic MOs? - Answer-- Protists ( Algae; Protozoa) - unicellular
- Fungi (Yeast - unicellular; Mold - multicellular)
- Helminths - multicellular
- Viruses - acellular
Describe the unique nature of MOs - Answer-- Live everywhere
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