Biology 114- Chapter 4 Questions and
Answers
Why does carbon form 4 bonds?
✓ ~~~It has 4 valence electrons and would need to gain or lose 4 electrons.
What kinds of bonds does carbon form? how many?
✓ ~~~4 covalent bonds
What does the variation of carbon skeletons provide?
✓ ~~~molecular diversity
straight carbon skeleton
✓ ~~~
branched carbon skeleton
✓ ~~~
ringed carbon skeleton
✓ ~~~
simple organic molecules
✓ ~~~
What are the 7 functional groups?
, ✓ ~~~hydroxyl
carbonyl
carboxyl
amino
sulfhydryl
phosphate
isomers
✓ ~~~compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure and different
properties
hydroxyl
✓ ~~~-found in alcohols
-usually end in "-ol"
EX. ethanol
Carbonyl
✓ ~~~-carbon bonded to an oxygen
- at the end of the skeleton: aldehydes
-within the skeleton: ketones
-EX. acetone and propanal
carboxyl
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