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PSY252 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSY252 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
social psychology is the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave in
social situations.
descriptive research: ANSWER observes and characterises people.
correlational research - ANSWER: How do X and Y relate to one another?
Experimental research - ANSWER investigates cause-and-effect correlations using
a random sample.
quasi-experimental research - ANSWER investigates categorical cause-and-effect
linkages with a target group (like race, gender, etc.).
ANSWER participants were chosen to be typical of the population's characteristics.
convenience sample - ANSWER participants are chosen based on their availability
and desire to participate.
ANSWER: Randomly selected persons for your study.
ANSWER: Once you have your study group, divide them randomly into
experimental and control groups.
The dependent variable (DV) refers to what you observe or measure.
Identify the independent variable (IV) that you believe is causing the DV to vary.
,Internal validity is the conviction that the independent variable produced the
changes in the dependent variable.
External validity - ANSWER confidence that results would be attained for other
people in different settings.
ANSWER: Step-by-step description of experiment design.
Hypothesis - A proposed answer to your research question.
ANSWER theory is an organised set of concepts that apply more broadly to the
world.
conceptual variable - ANSWER abstract, broad idea (for example, self-perception).
operational definition - answer the exact way in which a conceptual variable is
measured or manipulated (ex. self-ratings, self-descriptions).
population – ANSWER the entire group you wish to draw conclusions about.
Sample - ANSWER the group you will gather data from.
ANSWER the desire to maintain, increase, or safeguard one's high self-esteem.
Better-than-Average Effect - ANSWER: Most people continuously overestimate
their abilities and importance.
Implicit egotism is an unconscious and subtle expression of self-esteem.
, Self-Serving Beliefs - ANSWER People often take credit for success and distance
themselves from failure.
Self-Handicapping – ANSWER acts people take to handicap their own
performance to create an explanation for expected failure
bask in reflected glory (BIRG) - ANSWER displaying links with successful others
Downward social comparisons - ANSWER comparing yourself to others who
appear to be performing worse than you to make yourself feel better
Intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within a person.
Extrinsic motivation is a drive to do a behaviour due to promised benefits or fear of
punishment.
spotlight effect – ANSWER overestimating others' notice and evaluation of our
appearance, performance, and mistakes (as if a spotlight shone on us)
Cocktail party effect - ANSWER tendency to pick out personally relevant cues,
such their name, from complex stimuli (always focus on ourselves)
The self-awareness theory proposes that when people focus their attention on
themselves, they analyse and compare their behaviour to their own norms and
ideals.
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