1. PQRS Complex: isoelectric line: flat line between complexes
2. P wave: indicates that the impulse originated at the SA node and the atrial are
normally depolarized
3. P wave duration: 0.10 seconds
4. Purkinje fibers: arises from distal portion of bundle branches, transmits
impulses into subendocardial layers of both ventricles; provides for
depolarization; followed by ventricular contraction and ejection of blood out of
the ventricles. Intrinsic rate of 20 to 40 beats/min
5. Sino-atrial node (SA node): It is the hearts main pacemaker that controls the
heart rhythm - 60 - 100 bpm
6. atrioventriculat node (AV node): located low in the right atrium, adjacent to
the intertrial septum. Delays impulse from atria for 0.04 seconds to allow atrial
contraction and synchronizes atrial contribution to ventricular pumping.
7. Normally the AV node is the only structure that is capable to conducting
impulses to the ____________________: ventricles
8. The AV node can serve as a ___________________. It has an inherent
rate of automaticity is 40-60 beats/min.: back up pacemaker
9. QRS complex represents: the time required for the electrical impulse to
depolarize the ventricles
10. QRS complex is measured: from the Q wave where the line leaves baseline
to the S where the line returns to baseline
11. QRS complex duration: 0.04-0.10
12. What are some clinical features for Normal Sinus Rhythm: -PR interval :
0.12-0.20
-QRS Complex: 0.04-0.10 seconds
-QT Interval: less than 1/2 of the R-R interval
13. What are the mechanisms for Sinus Tachycardia?: -Normal Response to
metabolic needs: exercise, anxiety, fear
-Disease processes: MI, PE, Fever, CHF; heart rate responds to compensate for
reduced stroke volume, hypoxia, hypovolemia, hyperthyroidism
14. What are disease processes for sinus tachycardia?: - tachycardia
increases work of the heart and oxygen consumption, which may lead to heart
failure ischemia, and increased size of infarction
15. What is the significance? (Tachycardia): -tachycardia increases work of the
heart and oxygen consumption, which may lead to heart failure, ischemia, and
increased size of infarction
-risks associated with tachycardia depend on etiology. The risk is low if the
etiology is stress, anxiety, fever, or physical activity. The risk increases if the
etiology is hypoxemia, heart failure, and cardiac disease
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