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GISP Exam Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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GISP Exam Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [ REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, August 5, 2024 1: 54 PMWEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY-WV26506
GISP Exam Practice Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Georeferencing - ✔️✔️Associating a map (such as a pdf without spatial information) or
image (such as an aerial image without spatial information) with spatial locations.
Control Points - ✔️✔️Consisting of multiple points, points come in pairs that match the
spatial location with a point on an unreferenced image or map.
Spatial Reference System (SRS) or Coordinate Reference System (CRS) - ✔️✔️A
coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities.
International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) - ✔️✔️It's a three-dimensional
coordinate system with a well defined origin (the center of mass of the Earth) and three
orthogonal coordinate axes (X, Y, Z).
Map Projection - ✔️✔️Transforming coordinates from a curved earth to a flat map.
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) - ✔️✔️A global coordinate system - UTM zones
are 6 degrees.
Horizontal Datum - ✔️✔️Model of the Earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference
ellipsis and a set of survey points both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative
to the Earth).
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [ REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, August 5, 2024 1: 54 PM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY-WV26506
Vertical Datum - ✔️✔️Reference point for elevations of surfaces and features on the
Earth - could be based on tidal, seas levels, gravimetric, based on a geoid.
NAVD88 - ✔️✔️Gravity based geodetic datum in North America.
Geodetic Datum - ✔️✔️Set of control whose geometric relationships are known, either
through measurement or calculation.
WGS - World Geodetic System - ✔️✔️Reference coordinate system used by the Global
Positioning System (GPS).
SRID Integer - ✔️✔️Spatial reference system ID numbers, including EPSG codes defined
by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers.
4 Distortions - ✔️✔️Distance, Direction, Shape, Area
Mercator Projection - ✔️✔️Preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted - projecting
Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a meridian.
Azimuthal Equidistant - ✔️✔️Planar (tangent) - used for air route distances - distances
measured from the center are true - distortion of other properties increases away from
the center point.
Cylindrical Equal - Area Projections - ✔️✔️Preserves area, shape and distance gets
distorted near the upper and lower regions of the map - straight meridians and parallels
- meridians are equally spaced and the parallels are unequally spaced.
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [ REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, August 5, 2024 1: 54 PM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY-WV26506
Conic Projections - ✔️✔️Preserves directions and areas in limited areas - distorts
distances and scale except along standard parallels - generated by projecting a
spherical surface onto a cone.
Latitude Projection - ✔️✔️Low-latitude areas (near equator) use a conical projection,
Polar regions use a azimuthal planar projection.
Extent Projection - ✔️✔️Broad in East-West (e.g., the US) use a conical projection; Broad
in North-South ( e.g., Africa) use a transverse-case cylindrical projection.
Thematic Projection - ✔️✔️If you are doing an analysis that compares different values in
different locations, typically an equal-area projection will be used.
Discrete Features - ✔️✔️A feature that has a definable boundary, begins and ends, for
example a highway or lake.
Continuous Phenomena - ✔️✔️Each location is a measure of something, for example
elevation. A. Measure of concentration level. B. Measure of a value in terms of a fixed
point (like elevation in terms of sea level).
Geoid - ✔️✔️The shape that the surface of the oceans would take under the influence of
Earth's gravitation and rotation alone, in the absence of other influences such as winds
and tides - used to reference heights, by registering ocean's water level at coastal
places using tide gauges - this is how the mean sea level is determined.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024/2025 [ REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Monday, August 5, 2024 1: 54 PM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY-WV26506
Reference Ellipsoid - ✔️✔️A mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid,
the truer figure of the Earth, or other planetary body.
Oblate Ellipsoid - ✔️✔️Fits the geoid to a first order approximation - formed when an
ellipse is rotated about its minor axis.
Sphere - ✔️✔️As can be seen from the dimensions of the Earth Ellipsoid, the semi-major
axis A and the semi-minor axis B differ only by a bit more the 21 kilometers.
First (direct) Geodetic Problem - ✔️✔️Given a point ( in terms of its coordinates) and the
direction (azimuth) and distance from that point to a second point, determine (the
coordinates of) that second point.
Second (inverse) Geodetic Problem - ✔️✔️Given two points, determine the azimuth and
length of the line (straight line, arc or geodesic) that connects them.
Geomatics - ✔️✔️Science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting,
distributing, and using geographic information (includes surveying, mapping, remote
sensing, GIS, GPS).
Spatial Model - ✔️✔️Basic properties and process for a set of spatial features.
Cartographic Model - ✔️✔️Temporally static, imbibed spatial datasets, operations and
functions for problem solving. According to Bolstad.
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