Exam (elaborations)
Psych 308- Exam 1 Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
- Course
- Psych 308
- Institution
- Brigham Young University
Psych 308- Exam 1 Detailed Questions and Expert Answers
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Psych 308- Exam 1 Detailed Questions andExpert Answers
Basic Terminology (Ch.1) - ANS
descriptive statistics - ANS - Used to describe a specific set of data (i.e. mean,
median, mode)
- includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation
Ex. Measurements from morphine study
inferential statistics - ANS - Uses the data we've collected from a specific study to
extend beyond the immediate data and imply something about a larger population
or research for the future
- Uses statistics (measures of samples) to infer values of parameters (measures on
a population)
Ex. regression or ANOVA to infer something about a larger population from the
collected data
Population - ANS Complete set of events in which you are interested
Sample - ANS - Set of actual observations
,- Subset of a population which you are actually using to do the study on
Statistics - ANS - Any kind of data or numerical values that are summarizing our
sample data
Sample data -> statistics
Random sampling - ANS A sample in which each member of the population has an
equal chance of inclusion
- It is rare to get a true random sample, usually end up combining random
sampling and a convenient sample
- In order for the sample to best represent the population, it is necessary to take a
random sample
Parameters - ANS - Any numbers that are being referred to for a population or
numerical values summarizing the population data
Population -> parameters
Scales of Measurement (Ch. 2) - ANS
What are the four scales of measurement? - ANS 1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
,3. Interval
4. Ratio
What is a nominal scale? - ANS A scale organized by names or labels and that can't
be put in any sort of numerical order
Examples of nominal data - ANS - Gender
- hair color
- where you live
- number on a player's jersey
What is an ordinal scale? - ANS A scale organized by order, but that doesn't give
any indication of the amount of space between each place (order or rank)
examples of ordinal scale - ANS - letter grades
- number/rank placed in a race or competition (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
What is an interval scale? - ANS A scale with equal but arbitrary space between
each major point in the scale, and which starts and ends at arbitrary places (ie.
temperature: 30 degrees isn't "twice as hot" as 15 degrees, and 0 is an arbitrary
starting point because it is not a true zero)
examples of interval scale - ANS temperature (but not kelvin), IQ
, What is a ratio scale? - ANS - logarithmic scale, ratio of two numbers
- A scale that has non-arbitrary points and intervals; the only type of scale that can
have something that is "twice as much" as something else
- Has a true zero point
examples of ratio scale - ANS - height
- weight
Displaying data (Ch. 3) - ANS
What are ways to display data? - ANS - histograms
- stem and leaf plots
- scatterplots
- boxplots
plotting histogram data - ANS - A histogram plots the category counts in a bar
chart
- dependent variable on x-axis
- frequency on y-axis
Stem and leaf plots - ANS - Shows us shape of data and specific numbers involved
in data set
- Broken up some of the data based on the lagging variables/numbers
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