PSS EXAM 2 FINAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
What is the recipe of evolution? - ANSWERSVariation provides the raw materials (traits)
Selection does the choosing
Inheritability passes trait onto next generation
What is a pest? - ANSWERSpurely anthropocentric viewpoint;
→ an organism o...
What is the recipe of evolution? - ANSWERSVariation provides the raw materials (traits)
Selection does the choosing
Inheritability passes trait onto next generation
What is a pest? - ANSWERSpurely anthropocentric viewpoint;
→ an organism or population of organisms that interacts with human populations in an antagonistic or
negative way
→ pest outbreaks are largely the result of reduced complexity/diversity and domestication
What is the IPM pyramid and basis of IPM? - ANSWERSManagement, not eradication
Proactive, not reactive
Strong emphasis on:
- Monitoring
- Cultural control
- Mechanical control
- Biological control
- Sensible chemical control as a last resort
What is a degree day? - ANSWERSUnit of heat
Amount of heat that occurs in a single day
Drives the development of our plants and pests
1 degree day results when the average daily temperature is 1 day above the lower threshold
Species specific
Cultural controls for pest management - ANSWERSResistant varieties; strengthen plants
, Crop rotations; escape pests
Intercropping; confuse pests or attract
Sanitation; remove areas of refuge
Phenological asynchrony; delayed planting, early harvest, seasonal changes
Mechanical controls for pest management - ANSWERSTilling and cultivating
Hand picking
Fly paper/sticky traps
Small scale for insects, large scale for weeds
Physical barriers
Temperature extremes
Vacuuming
Classical biological control for pest management - ANSWERSthe introduction of a natural enemy of non-
native origin to control a pest
Augmentative biological control for pest management - ANSWERSSupplementing the natural enemy
population by releasing purchased natural enemies;
the release of additional numbers of a natural enemy when too few are present to control pest
affectively
Inoculation vs. inundative
Inoculation vs. inundative augmentative biological control - ANSWERSInoculative augmentation is when
a release of beneficial is made on the crops once during the season and the control is ensured for the
rest of the season by their offsprings.
Inundative releases are planned when the pests are only controlled by the released beneficials
themselves since future generations generally don't survive to control future potential pest outbreaks. In
that case, more frequent releases are necessary over the season
Conservation biological controls for pest management - ANSWERSConservation: manipulate habitats to
encourage natural enemies to control pests
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