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Pharm 895 Hypertension Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Pharm 895 Hypertension Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMPharm 895 Hypertension Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Prehypertension - ✔️✔️120-139/80-89
Hypertension Stage I - ✔️✔️140-159/90-99
Hypertension Stage II - ✔️✔️over 160/100
Goal blood pressure for patients over age 60 - ✔️✔️less than 150/90
Goal blood pressure for patients under age 60 - ✔️✔️less than 140/90
Goal blood pressure for all adults with CKD or DM regardless of age - ✔️✔️less than 140/90
First line treatment for patients of all ages, nonblack, with or without DM - ✔️✔️Thiazides,
ACEi, ARB, CCB
First line treatment for black patients with or without DM - ✔️✔️Thiazide, CCB
First line treatment for patients of any race with CKD with or without DM - ✔️✔️ACEi, ARB
General management strategy - ✔️✔️If goal is not achieved after 1 month, increase dose or
add a second agent.
Never use ACEi and ARB together
If goal not achieved with two drugs, titrate up and add a third
If not controlled with 3 drugs, refer to specialist and/or switch to different drug classes
Thiazides - ✔️✔️MOA: Blocks Na/Cl transporter in distal convoluted tubule
Early effect- decreasing blood volume and CO
Late effect- CO normalizes, systemic vascular resistance decreases
Includes HCTZ, chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone
Major adverse effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Monitor: electrolytes, BP and hydration
*avoid taking close to bedtime
C/I in sulfa allergy
Loop diuretics - ✔️✔️MOA: block Na/K pump in loop of Henle
Adverse effects- hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration, hyperuricemia
C/I in sulfa allergy
avoid close to bedtime
Includes furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics- aldosterone receptor antagonist - ✔️✔️Adverse effects:
hyponatremia, HYPERkalemia, gynecomastia (spironoLACTone only)
Includes spironolactone and eplerenone
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics- epithelial sodium channel blockers - ✔️✔️Amiloride,
triamterene
Adverse effects: hyponatremia, HYPERkalemia, metabolic acidosis, dehydration and kidney
stones (triamterene only)
*dose adjust for renal impairment
ACE Inhibitors - ✔️✔️MOA: prevent angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II and so no
vasoconstriction and no aldosterone secretion
Adverse effects: HYPERkalemia, dry cough, angioedema (higher risk in African Americans),
rash, dysgeusia
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