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Exam 1 Envr 1401 Flashcards _ (PRAO) QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT!!.pdf
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8/13/24, 11:52 AMExam 1 Envr 1401
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (89)
is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods,
paradigm
postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field
Independent variable variable that is manipulated
Dependent variable The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
Confounding variable a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results
Null hypothesis a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong
Alternative hypothesis the hypothesis that a proposed result is true for the population
Ecosystem service A function performed by an ecosystem that directly or indirectly benefits humans.
Goods the physical objects that someone produces
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
Sustainability definition
generations to meet their own needs
amount of biologically productive land and water needed to provide people in a
Ecological footprint definition
country with an indefinite supple of renewable resources
People overpopulation a situation in which there are too many people in a given geographic area
a situation that occurs when each individual in a population consumes too large a share
Consumption overpopulation
of resources
IPAT Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
A Renewable Resource is one that we can cultivate (plants to eat, trees to build with),
and/or produce from an infinite resource (like wind, water or solar) that if managed
properly can be renewed over and over again. Electricity produced by wind, solar is
renewable because the fuel source is long lived.
A Non-Renewable Resource - Is what we have and use that cannot be reproduced
Renewable vs non-renewable resources
except in geologic time? Think about it, Coal, Oil, Metals...any commodity that we
extricate from the earth and refine to make and run the durable (sometimes not so
durable) goods. Cars, watches, appliances, jewelry etc. are all examples. These items
are constructed from the mining of the earth and the fabrication of metals. They are run
by batteries or fuels that are taken from the earth. Electricity produced by oil, gas or
Exam 1 Envr 1401
coal powered plants is not renewable.
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, 8/13/24, 11:52 AM
Environmental Science: Objective, unbiased pursuit of knowledge about the workings
Environmental science vs environmentalism of the environment and our interactions with it
Environmentalism: Social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world
Effect of industrial revolution Low death rate
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer
Agricultural revolution
relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Carrying capacity The largest population that an area can support
Culture Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
Worldview A person's view of the world, consisting of the set of beliefs on which he bases his life.
Ethics the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions
The value that something has due to its usefulness to humans. For example, the value of
Utilitarian or instrumental value
trees that can be used for lumber is utilitarian value.
Value ascribed to something for its intrinsic worth; the notion that the thing has a right
Intrinsic or inherent value
to exist and is valuable for its own sake.
Environmental Ethics Human beliefs about what is right or wrong with how we treat the environment.
Anthropocentrism A human-centered view of our relationship with the environment.
The belief that all creatures have rights and values; being centered on nature rather
Biocentrism
than humans.
Ecocentrism belief that whole ecological systems have value
(1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural
John Muir state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in
California.
An ethic holding that we should protect the natural environment in a pristine, unaltered
preservation ethic
state.
head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to
Gifford Pinchot
make use of natural resources while conserving them
An ethic holding that humans should put natural resources to use but also have a
conservation ethic
responsibility to manage them wisely.
A theory that humans are part of an ethical community that includes not only other
Land ethic human beings but all elements of the natural environment. It implies an ethical duty to
nature as well as humanity.
wrote A Sand County Almanac published a year after his death in 1948; promoted a
Aldo Leopold "Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of
nature.
the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color,
Environmental Justice national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and
enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
Economics The study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices
Subsistence economy a type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus
An economic system based upon the fundamentals of private property, freedom, self-
Market Economy (Capitalism)
interest, and prices
market-based economic system with limited government involvement, involves
Mixed economy
capitalism
Exam 1 Envr 1401
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