STUVIA 2024/2025
Audiology/Aural Rehab
Terms in this set (131)
Original
pinna/auricle and external auditory meatus
what are the parts of the outer ear?
tympanic membrane, eustachian tube, ossicles
what are the parts of the middle ear?
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vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
what are the parts of the inner ear?
pinna/auricle
cartilaginous outside part of the ear
helix, antihelix, concha, tragus, antitragus, lobe
What are the major structures of the pinna?
Helix
folded outside edge of ear.
Antihelix
%
Y-shaped upper part of ear.
Concha
bowl-shaped structure leading into the external auditory canal.
Tragus
triangular structure extension from face.
Antitragus
triangular structure arising from lower part of the lobe.
Lobe (lobule)
fatty and fibrous structure; can be attached or free.
external auditory meatus (EAM)
S-shaped oval canal 25-35 mm in length, opening at the pinna and terminating at the tympanic
membrane.
tympanic membrane (TM)
Thin oval membrane that forms partition between the OE and the middle ear (ME).; a cone-shaped
membrane with an area of 55 mm.
Ossicular chain
consists of three bones, which are the smallest in the human body, transferring the mechanical
vibration from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear (IE).
malleus, incus, stapes
name the 3 ossicles.
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Malleus
the most lateral (first) ossicle, consisting of a manubrium (handle), head, neck, and lateral and
anterior processes; attached to the TM (at the umbo) and the incus.
Incus
the middle and largest bone in the ossicular chain consisting of a body and a short, a long, and a
lenticular process.
Stapes
the most medial (third) and smallest ossicle consisting of a head, footplate, and two crura. The
footplate is held in the oval window by the annular ligament.
Tensor tympani
a 2-cm-long muscle attaching to the head of the malleus; innervated by trigeminal nerve; pulls
malleus medially.
Stapedius
the smallest muscle in the body; attached to the neck of the stapes; innervated by the facial nerve;
pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts footplate in oval window.
Eustachian tube
mucosal-lined pathway that ventilates the ME through the connection to the nasopharynx.
Semicircular canals
are responsible for angular movement; consists of three canals: lateral, posterior, and superior.
Vestibule
%
a 4-mm central chamber of the bony labyrinth housing the utricle and saccule, which are sensory
organs responsible for detecting linear movement.
Cochlea
a snail-shaped structure containing the end-organ of hearing.
Scala vestibuli
upper canal running from the oval window to the helicotrema (tip of cochlea); contains perilymph, a
fluid similar to cerebrospinal fluid.
Scala tympani
Lower canal running from the round window to the helicotrema (tip of cochlea); contains perilymph
Scala media
middle canal divided from the scala vestibuli by Reissner's membrane and from the scala tympani by
the basilar membrane, contains the organ of Corti, the end organ of hearing; contains endolymph.
Reissner's membrane
forms the roof of the scala media; may rupture with an active episode of Ménière's disease.
Basilar membrane
forms the floor of the scala media; the membrane becomes wider as it moves apically; as the width
changes, so does the mass and stiffness, yielding tonotopicity in which high frequencies are
processed at the base (thinner and stiffer) and low frequencies at the apex (wider and more massive).
Tectorial membrane
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