STUVIA 2024/2025
Med Surg Exam 3
- Acute weight loss (greater than 5%)
- Decreased skin turgor
- Dry mucous membranes
- Oliguria - low urine
- Anuria - no urine
- Increased hematocrit
BUN increase
- Hypothermia - can also be a sign of sepsis - ✔✔FVD Manifestations
fluid challenge either oral or IV - ✔✔What do you do for FVD?
Fluid and sodium restriction
Diuretics
Dialysis - ✔✔What to do for FVE?
headache, confusion, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, warm flushed skin, more risk for death
we do bicarb replacement, - ✔✔Signs of metabolic acidosis
%
depressed respirations, muscle hyper rigidity, dizziness, tingling of fingers and toes.
We do fluid replacement, adequate flouride - ✔✔Signs of metabolic alkalosis
hypertension - ✔✔Treatment of what slow progression for kidney disease?
glomerular filtration rate - measurement of kidney function - amount of plasma filtered through
glomerular - ✔✔What is GFR?
diabetes
hypertension
obesity
diabetes and hypertension = 70% - ✔✔Risks for chronic kidney disease
increased creatinine which will also make symptoms stronger
anemia - due to decreased erythropoietin
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, STUVIA 2024/2025
metabolic acidosis
abnormalities in phosphorus and calcium balance
Fluid retention (edema CHF)
Advanced: heart failure worsen, abnormalities in electrolytes, hard to control hypertension (due to
FVE) - ✔✔Clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease
Creatine Clearance - ✔✔measure of amount of creatine the kidneys are able to clear in a 24 hr
period....men and women vary genetically differently
polycystic kidney disease
causes enlarged swollen kidneys - ✔✔growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys which
destroy the nephrons
hematuria, polyuria, hypertension, development of renal calculi (kidney stone), UTIs and proteinuria -
✔✔S&S of polycystic kidney disease
%
maintains catheters and drains, administers analgesia, position changes, coughing, IS (incentive
spirometry), and deep breathing - ✔✔Nursing care for nephrectomy
serum creatinine levels - ✔✔How is acute kidney injury diagnosed
- Hypovolemia - low fluids
- Hypotension - low bp
- Reduced cardiac output and heart failure
- Obstruction of the kidney by tumor, blood clot or kidney stone
- Bilateral obstruction of the renal arteries or veins
- S&S can be reversed if conditions are treated before permanent damage - ✔✔Causes of acute
kidney injury
- Assessment of renal function
- Prevent and treat infections
- Prevent and treat shock
- Provide adequate hydration
- Avoid transfusion reactions
- Meticulous care to patients with indwelling catheters; remove them as soon as possible
- Monitor closely all medications metabolized or excreted by the kidneys
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