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BRS Pathology - Endocrine Questions And Answers Latest | Verified Answers
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BRS Pathology - Endocrine Questions And Answers Latest | Verified Answers
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BRS Pathology1. Common neurodegenerative diseases with dementia: Alzheimer disease,
Huntington disease, and Pick disease
2. General apathy, cold intolerance, obesity, and constipation: Myxedema
(Hypothyroidism)
3. Acute renal failure presenting as severe oliguria, causing death if
untreated: Acute tubular necrosis
Tubules are capable of regeneration if basement membrane is intact
4. Hemorrhage into the mammillary bodies and dorsal medial gray matter
around the cerebral aqueducts: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
5. Meningitis with increased mononuclear cells, normal or increased protein,
and normal glucose in CSF: Acute aseptic (viral) meningitis
6. Associated with berry aneurysms and subsequent subarachnoid
hemorrhage: Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
Most common cystic disease of the kidney
7. Osteoblastic metastases with increase in serum alkaline phosphatase in
an older male: Carcinoma of the prostate
Most common carcinoma in males; often arises in peripheral zone of the prostate
8. Maternal exposure to DES (diethylstilbestrol): Clear cell carcinoma of the
vagina in daughters
9. Hypergastrinemia, hyperchlorhydria, and recurrent peptic ulcer
disease: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
10. Most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas:
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Histologically characterized by dense lymphocytic infiltrate and germinal centers in
the thyroid
11. Patients present with morning stiffness with symmetric involvement of
the proximal interphalangeal joints: Rheumatoid arthritis
Majority have rheumatoid factor, an autoantibody directed against the Fc region of
IgG, in their serum
12. Tumor with tendency to affect both breasts: Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
13. Salt-losing hyponatremia leading to hypotension and virilization of
female infants: 21-hydroxylase deficiency
,Most common enzymatic defect in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
14. Sclerosis of some glomeruli with only parts of capillary tufts affected:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
15. Hypoglycemia and CNS impairment, which are reversed upon glucose
administration, and increased serum C-peptide: Insulinoma
Patients surreptitiously administering insulin do not have increased C-peptide
levels in serum
16. Pseudomembranes consisting of fibrin, mucin, and inflammatory debris
covering the colonic mucosa: Pseudomembranous colitis
Caused by elaboration of exotoxins by Clostridium difficile
17. Discrete, rubbery, moveable mass in the inner lower quadrant of the
breast of a young female: Fibroadenoma
Most common benign tumor of the female breast
18. Related to exposure to beta-naphthylamine or cyclophosphamide:
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is associated with infection by
Schistosoma hematobium, rare in U.S.
19. Most common primary malignancy of the liver: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Often associated with Hepatitis B infection
20. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile beta-amyloid plaques in elderly
patients: Alzheimer disease
Associated with mutations on chromosomes 21, 19, 14, and 1
21. Most common cause of primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage:
Hypertension
22. Retinal microaneurysms and cotton-wool spots: Diabetic retinopathy
23. Atrophy of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus: Huntington disease
Caudate atrophy leads to "bat wing" lateral ventricles
24. Loss of pain sensation in extremities: Diabetic nephropathy
25. Patients present with involuntary jerky movements or writhing of the
extremities: Huntington disease
, BRS Pathology
Autosomal dominant disease associated with trinucleotide repeat expansions
26. Increased Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Diabetes mellitus
HbA1c = serum marker for nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins
27. Pseudopalisading arrangement of malignant nuclei: Glioblastoma
multiforme
28. Marked increase in free water clearance: Diabetes insipidus
Caused by lack of ADH
29. Predisposes to male germ cell tumors even if surgically corrected:
Cryptorchidism
(undescended testes)
30. Degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons of the lateral and
ventral corticospinal tracts: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
May be associated with mutations of superoxide dismutase
31. Neoplastic columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells that line the alveolar
septa: Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma
Tumor cells are also found loose in alveolar spaces
32. Migratory polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules,
Sydenham chorea, and pancarditis: Rheumatic Fever
Aschoff bodies in the myocardium are pathognomic
33. Associated with cardiac amyloidosis, radiation injury, and sarcoidosis:
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Manifests as decreased ventricular filling owing to reduced ventricular compliance
34. Predominance of myeloblasts (sometimes with Auer rods) or early
promyelocytes in the peripheral blood: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Auer rods = abnormal azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm most abundant in M3
variant
35. Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle: Aortic stenosis or
Hypertensive heart disease
Occurs in response to left ventricular pressure overload
36. Friction rub: Pericarditis
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